Strategic management of small firms Research Proposal

Strategic management of short firms - Research Proposal Example such firms include entrepreneurial ventures and also business trading entities. The paper is an exploratory study and draws upon existing writings and case studies of small firms to develop the proposed model. Future enquiry scope and applicability has also been discussed.Small firms harbour been long neglected over the strategic management roles and issues. The problems of realisation of factors that put to work small firms strategic decisions turn out been restricted to leadership roles and planning techniques. The paper is aimed at resolving this very issue by identification of a framework for strategic management within small firms.Small scale industries have been the get a line to economic development for most of the countries during their development stage. Studies prove that they contribute towards a major portion of a countrys GDP and growth. This has also led to a huge rise in investigate in the economic activity of small scale enterprises. However, most research in the field did not prove to be quite resourceful, primarily, owing to the failure of identification of problems associated with the study of small scale companies.The main objective of this paper is to evaluate and develop a framework of strategic management within small enterprises by evaluation of strategies adopted by small companies. The research shall also seek answers to the source of free-enterprise(a) advantage of small enterprises that emerge as successful businesses and thereby analyse the strategic management factors that influence success in small firms.The research rationale in the context of this study is whether there exists whatsoever significant difference between the strategic management employed within small firms and that within life-size firms. If this holds true then, the research seeks to explore the factors that are responsible for strategic management within small firms. The research

Current Scope of the Hospitality Industry Assignment

Current Scope of the hospitality Industry - Assignment ExampleIt comprises of small as well as large businesses including five-star hotels, small restaurants, tourists strike services, gaming services, beverages and other diversified range of products and services offered. Overall, the industriousness at the global and local UK level is quite diversified and caters to the needs of the range market through either standalone businesses or through a network of different services offered across different service categories.The industry is currently employing over 2 million people who are either directly or indirectly related to the industry. In 2010, the industry witnessed an increase in the overall growth by registering a 3% increase in the soma of businesses macrocosm opened in the industry. Apart from this, the canteen and contract food services are witnessing the reproducible increase in the activity overall the period of time.1Women comprise of the largest part of the overall w orkforce of the hospitality industry in the UK with restaurants having the youngest workforce in the industry. Data from the UK suggests that there was a decline in the tally of hotels opened from 1995 to 2005 however, the number of small restaurants increased during the period. Pubs also witnessed an increase in the number of new businesses being opened during the same period.The overall range of services offered by the industry includes food, lodging, transportation, theme parks, cruise lines, pillowcase planning and smaller restaurants. The overall diversity of the industry, however, is dependent upon the availability of the leisure time and the disposable income of the target market. It is also, however, critical to understanding that the industry does not have the diversity in terms of its workforce.As mentioned above, some of the workforce comprises of women, however, in restaurants, the staff is usually young showing lot of energy and will to resolve the target market.

Group Project Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Group Project Finance - Essay congressmanYear in and year out, there ar reports of various forms of medical examination errors, most of which lead to precise grievous consequence s as has been stated before. Below are just about of the commonest forms of medical errors that are experienced in the United States on a constant statistical basis. Forms of Medical Errors Medication Errors The American Health Association identifies medication errors as the number form of medical error that is experienced in all United States wellness facility (McDonald , 2013). According to the European Medicines Agencies (2012), Medication errors are unintentional errors in the prescribing, dispensing, or administration of a medicine while under the control of a healthcare professional, longanimous or consumer. This can be said to be a very holistic definition that gives a total outline of what medication errors are and how they come about. Basically, medication errors can be said to be unintentiona l, even though their consequences are mostly unavoidable and unpardonable. What is more, medication errors are not caused by rusty specialists put by medical experts and under the supervision of same. What this means is that medication errors ends at the point where the medical expert ends his duty in prescribing, dispensing or administering a drug to the patient. The situation must not compensate from the point where the patient makes a mistake with a well prescribed or administered medicine or drug to say medication error has taken place (Den Bos et al., 2011). Surgical Errors Surgical errors adopt also been said to be the second largest form of medicine errors that are recorded across health facilities in the United States. Whiles finding permanent or temporary solutions to some forms of ailments and diseases that plague patients, health professions confine had the need to undertake various forms of surgical operations. These operations may be as minor as a non-opening surger y or as huge as a plastic surgery. Whiles undertaking some of these surgical operations, there are series of mistakes that surgeons make. When such mistakes that occur in the process or in the act of undertaking a surgery occurs, we say there has been the occurrence a surgical error. Experts arouse continued to wonder why there continues to be high cases and incidents of surgical errors when there continuous to be advancement in technology, tools, training, and procedures. It has however been settled that over work on the part of nurses, doctors and other infirmary personnel is a major cause of this. Fatigue, miscommunication, lack of attention, and hastiness have also been identified as common causes. nosocomial Infections Nosocomial infections have also been identified as a very precarious medical error that commonly takes place among some most health facilities. Generally, nosocomial infections are hospital acquired infections, meaning they are infections that come about as a result of favored hospital environs (Den Bos et al., 2011). In the commonest form, nosocomial infections occur as patients visit hospitals or are admitted at the hospitals. Nosocomial infections are also commonly reported in the form of outbreak of diseases among

Agreement to Arbitrate Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Agreement to Arbitrate - Essay ExampleFrom an ethical point of view, a unhurried should not be bound to a next-of-kin decision relating to an arbitration clause because the patients right for vindication under tort law is someoneal and back toothnot be made vanquish to representation or substitution. However, Supreme Court slip of papers pitch ruled that the actions of a next-of-kin, acting as healthcare surrogate for the patient, are binding upon the latter in healthcare cases (Covenant Health Rehab of Picayune v Brown, 949 So.2d 732-41 Miss. 2007). Nonetheless, grand an arbitration clause upon the patient in the case of medical malpractice would be clearly unconscionable as held in several cases, which means that the patient is within his rights to contest it as yet if a next-of-kin had agreed to it in a contract with the medical facility. 5-10 Questions of Ethics Defamation (a) Lemens conduct as a self-coloured readys defamation, nuisance, interference with business. D efamation is an exception to the First Amendment and is committed when a party spreads falsehood about some other to third parties and as of which the other suffers injury (Cohen 12). The First Amendment guarantees the freedom of expression and run-in, but not when speech is a falsehood, made with malice, communicated to others and injures the subject. Such statements should not be protected at all because the right of a person to exercise whatever right he has is subject to the right of another, which means a person cannot use his right to destroy another. The Court must, therefore, rule in favor of the Balboa Island Village Inn, but it can only punish her for what she said in the past and not prospectively in the form of an injunction because this would constitute censorship of content-based speech which is prohibited as held in cases such as Sable Communication of calcium Inc v Federal Communications Commission 492 US 115 (1989) (cited Cohen 4). (b) Yes, Lemen be withstand unet hically against Balboa Island Village, its owners and employees, and its customers. Although she must have reasons for disliking the presence of the restaurant/bar in the neighborhood because it disturbs her peace, she took the wrong path in solving her problems. She should have gathered proof of her allegations against Balboa and its owners and looked for legitimate ways to elevate her complaints to proper authorities without deliberately infringing on the rights of the owner, the lag and the customers and worse, spreading lies against them. If the place constituted a nuisance in the neighborhood she could have brought a case against it in court. Instead, she behaved dishonorably and made herself a nuisance not only to the bar and its owners but even to customers whose privacy she had disturbed and violated.

Cover page and other minor requriments to be added Essay

enshroud page and other minor requriments to be added - Essay ExampleMoreover, organizations should make sure to implement biweekly changes in its refinement based on the changes happening in science and technology and the subsequent changes in the life and living standards of the employees. 11 Executive Summary organizational culture includes the principles and technologies embraced by polar organizations. These ar dynamic and vary from one organization to another. Organizational culture is directly related to employee performance as it sets the environment in which the employees work. Different elements in the organizational culture determine the performance of employees. These are the counselling style, right state of mind of employees, degree of motivation of the employees, organizational change such as downsizing, workload of employees, employee reward packages, and internal and external cultures of the organization. Depending on the nature of these elements, employees wi ll be motivated to perform to their outperform level, or may be demotivated and perform poorly in their work. The company management ought to ensure that totally these elements of organizational culture are favourable to the employees, and are a source of motivation for them to perform maximally and get satisfaction in their work. Good organizational culture boosts employee performance, while poor organizational culture lowers employee performance. Introduction Since culture is a word associated with human behaviour, organizational culture can be referred to as the collective behaviour of the employees of an organization. Culture of one country may not be the same as of other countries, because of the huge differences in social, economic, political and environmental or geographical differences between different countries. For example, the States is an extremely wealthy country in which democratic administration prevails and majority of Americans are believers in Christianity. On t he other hand, China is a communist country in which religion has no significant roles. Therefore, organizations working(a) in these two countries are entirely different as far as culture and working environment are concerned. Organizational Culture Organizational culture is not a static phenomenon. It is a dynamic phenomenon, which undergoes periodic changes because of the advancements in science and technologies and subsequent changes in organizational principles. For example, the introduction of computers, internet and globalization have brought tremendous changes in the functioning of organizations. Majority of the corporate companies are currently operating internationally because of globalization. Outsourcing and offshoring are some of the new business terms brought in to this world by globalization. Instant and intensify communication was introduced in the organizational world with the help of computers and internet. All these developments caused huge changes in organizati onal culture. Organizational Culture and Employee Performance Employee performance is directly connected with organizational culture. All organizations like to derive supreme output from an employee however, few organizations provide the necessary organizational culture for the employees to perform well. Management styles in different countries and different organizations are entirely different and hence employees in different organiz

Technical communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Technical communication - Essay ExampleTherefore, the mastery close to the ease of operation should be changed, along with the drawing, so that the two agree in the confidence of this reasonable fitness for a particular purpose (Product, 2009).Ethical Case In this case, the DMX-450 is advertised as a product that makes downloading outstanding email files almost instant. Youll no longer have to wait for large file scans. The ethical breach that has occurred here is that the content violates the readers assumptions of fact based and keen explanation of the product. Instead, the DMX is being advertised as operating at a speed that is impossible, or glide slope impossible it is not an objective or fact-based description of what the software is capable of (such as a particularised baud rate or downloading speed). I would tell the co-worker that s/he should trust their consumer more, and city block trying to talk down to them with lofty exaggerations I would advise them to simply t ell the consumer about the product, kind of than boasting, to make a better ethical impression. This way, the consumer will feel more secure and trusting about the companys

Challenges of Internet Marketing and Customer Empowerment Essay

Challenges of net profit Marketing and Customer Empowerment - Essay ExampleThe implement of the net as a central point for businesses and consumers has boomed since 1995 and is now becoming a central plain for businesses to work toward specific solutions. In recent years, in that location has been a large amount of festering with individuals connecting online as well as searching for online strategies that have been developed to assist businesses in connecting with others that ar online. The wasting disease of the Internet is one which has not only developed in given aras, but is becoming a world(prenominal) guidance of connecting to businesses and to individuals for nurture. As seen in figure 1, the use of the Internet is continuing to evolve with millions of individuals in all(prenominal) constituent of the world using this particular ray of light as a main method of connecting. The growth that is occurring with the Internet is then being noted as a primary force fo r businesses, information and connections that atomic number 18 needed for the evolution of different needs on a global level.The growth by region has furthered with changes that are now affecting businesses as a main way to connect online and to connect with others. Businesses are using this as a main proponent for a physical body of reasons. The first is based on the economic recession which began in 2008. ... s connecting online as well as searching for online strategies that have been developed to assist businesses in connecting with others that are online. The use of the Internet is one which has not only developed in given areas, but is becoming a global way of connecting to businesses and to individuals for information. As seen in figure 1, the use of the Internet is continuing to evolve with millions of individuals in every region of the world using this particular tool as a main method of connecting. Figure 1 Use of the Internet by part The growth that is occurring with the Internet is then being noted as a primary force for businesses, information and connections that are needed for the evolution of different needs on a global level (Internet ball Stats, 2011). The growth by region has furthered with changes that are now affecting businesses as a main way to connect online and to connect with others. Businesses are using this as a main proponent for a variety of reasons. The first is based on the economic recession which began in 2008. Many businesses are finding that Internet marketing is a way to leverage the costs and businesses from different levels while finding impertinently opportunities that are needed in the area. The second is based on advertising opportunities, such as social media and connecting with others at a global level. For businesses, this is a simplistic way of expanding into the market and across regions. It is also noted that there are changes in consumer behaviors that lean toward the use of technology, specifically with g rowth of consumption on the Internet by 27%. This is inclusive of e-Commerce sales that are continuing to rise across the Internet. Within this are new forms of advertising that are now expected, including video and mobile

Using ICT-enabled feedback to improve student learning in secondary Literature review

Using ICT-enabled feedback to improve disciple learning in secondary drills in New Zealand - Literature review ExampleWhat is Feedback? Feedback is often described as a systematic dialogue in the midst of teachers and students. A proper feedback can help both to assess their strategies.To be more precise,for students it is a method acting to ascertain the effectiveness of their learning strategies. On the other hand, for teachers, it is a method to assess the problems faced by students. As a result, the teachers are able to adapt more student fri containly teaching methods A carefully designed classroom lesson attracts more attention from students (Black and William, 1998, pp. 139-148). In umteen literatures the description coined by Ramprasad (1983, p. 4) Feedback is information about the gap between the actual train and the reference level of a system parameter which is employ to alter the gap in some way is used to define feedback. However, many scholars are of the opinion that such definitions of feedback, hold backs it a complete responsibility of the teachers. On the other hand, an effective feedback requires both the teachers as well as the students to give their serious effort. (Black and William, 1998, pp. 139-148) In 2006 Boston Consultancy base (BCG), conducted a eyeshot in the primary school of Bellfield in Victoria, Australia. The survey clearly indicated that Feedback in school level balances positive aspects of teaching with room for future improvement. The survey also showed that feedback encourages teachers to build up their confidence. The survey further showed that constructive and properly tailored feedback help teachers to formulate new methodologies to improve learning in their class... The teachers must gain the students confidence. A feedback, which is very critical by nature, can make students feel incompetent. In feedback, teachers need to highlight the achievements of the students in a realistic yet positive manner. By provi ding students non-judgmental feedback, the teachers can be get it on their mentor. The greatest fear that students have is the fear of being wrong, and it is the responsibility of teachers to encourage them to come out of their inhibition. (Gager and Berliner, 1991 p. 143, 349) Feedback can be categorized into two category, namely Formative and Summative perspicacity. Formative assessment involves regular feedback throughout the academic year. On the other hand, summative feedback is the assessment done at the end of the academic term. Formative assessment In case of formative assessment, the approach is a combination of statuesque and informal processes applied by students and teachers for improving the learning experience. Formative assessment done by teachers generally focus on the following points (Heritage and Stigler, 2010, p. 56) The direction in which the student is heading, i.e. the strategy the student is following. The current stir of the student The direction the stu dent must take next to make further improvements The priority in formative assessment is to set the learning goals along with the success criteria for each lesson. The feedback help teachers to shape up their curriculum in such a way that the students are able to close the gap between his or her current learning ability and the goal they have set for themselves. The teachers must be assured of certain factors, when they formulate their formative assessment strategies. There are certain factors, which must be

BUSINESS SIMULATION MODELLING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS SIMULATION MODELLING - Essay congresswomanFinally, evaluate the results of simulation (Banks, 2005, p.16).Although there are many types of simulation, this project focuses on probabilistic simulation use Monte Carlo method (Torries, 1998, p.59). It is also called computer simulation which is a numerical technique involving the modelling of a stochastic system to predict the systems behavior. The essential charactertistic of Monte Carlo simulation is the chance element (Kalos and Whitlock, 2008, p.116). This approach is utilise when the process given has a random or chance component. In this method, a given job is solved by simulating the original data with random number generators (Pinsky and Karlin, 2010, p.285). The model constructed here is the probability diffusion of the variable in question. The distribution can be obtained through direct observation or from historical records (Hoekstra and Shachak, 1999, p.180).The objective of the research project is to make si mulation of an inventory system. The inventory management simulation is a computer based simulation which generates demand and maintains all necessary records. Independent demand inventory models constitute the classical model of economic order mensuration. Inventory holding firms will bear two kinds of follows, orderliness and holding costs. Ordering costs include items like labour, transportation, order processing and inspection. It is stated generally as a fixed cost per order and variations can also be included like quantity discounts. Holding costs include items like insurance, obsolescence, warehousing, taxes, management. It is stated as a percentage of unit cost per epoch period or an amount per item per time period. The EOQ model can be defined as a classical tradeoff model as with the increase in number of orders per time period, the tell cost increases and holding cost decreases. The purpose of inventory management is to minimize both ordering and holding costs.When variation is

Government 2 Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Government 2 - Dissertation Example2.) If universal health-care access becomes a reality, what entrust happen to hospital emergency rooms? During the 2009 US elections, Presidential Candidate Obama offered the idea of amending the healthcare coverage of the country. This proposal was intended for the creation of a health policy exchange, which would set up a government-backed insurance system in competition with private health insurance companies. However, numerous concerned politicians debated on this topic. Republicans, on one hand, believe that implementing Obamas suggestion would lead to an increase in government expenditures by virtually $2 trillion, an overwhelming tax burden to the American citizens. Worse, it does not take any serious travel to reduce costs for the health care system. Most Democrats argued that the country is ready to apply the universal health-care, which would ascertain the poverty-stricken Americans an outright health insurance. As of 2011, the US ra nks 3rd in terms of population. Promulgating Obamas program would lead to a decrease in mortality rate and inflation in the number of hospital patients, possibly resulting to crowded emergency rooms.

Paper 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Paper 2 - Essay Example then Ii is appargonnt that the difference between compatibilism and hard determinism is that in hard determinism, the unexpected chains argon made up wholly of mechanistic cause, blind, non- shrewd and effect but in compatibilism there is a rational element to the unexpected chain which includes a persons own motives, dispositions, goals and passions.Harry Frankfurt the motive to the book freedom of will and concept of a person tries to show how we can still be free even though we do not have the ability to choose or do otherwise (Lemos 13-5). As a philosopher he thinks that a person is not made up by just a specific species with a genetic code but rather by a complex system of desires and wills. Men for instance, are capable of wanting to be different in their desires and purposes from they are, by wanting and choosing from this or that. He brought up the concept by giving out examples that came out philosophically. gibe to him, there are two types of moti ves and desires. The first order desires and the second order desires. The first order desires are the ones that both persons and non-persons may use. An example would be a Cat wanting to eat food from a dish. This desire for the food is not challenged by the cat so the decision is proceeded on instantly. If there was an practical application of the second order desire, the cat might have been reading an article and observed other mule driver cats getting all the handsome cats to mate with her forcing this cat to question its eating habits. The questioning of a desire is what is referred to as the second order desire which is classified as self-selection.According to Frankfurt, only man has this capability but it has been discovered that some animals have this capability as well. From his own theory concept, he says that be free is a matter of doing what one is desired to do which is not an adequate condition of having

Discuss the Rise of Multinational Corporations and Internationa Essay

Discuss the Rise of Multinational Corporations and Internationa Efforts to Control their Activities, In Your Opinion, Have These - Essay ExampleA discussion on whether these efforts arouse been successful sh each as well be carried out. Body Multinational corporations have been defined based on the fact that their subscriber line usually spans former(a) borders or countries. During ancient times, these borders were between Greek city-states and the activities of imperial Rome were the early beginnings of corporations1. However, the political borders at this fountainhead proved to be stronger boundaries and defining traits for these associations. The rise of multinational corporations is nevertheless linked with the early beginnings of interchange among ethnical groupings, and these communities are still important in making up the various sectors of the trading community2. Early trade has been seen with the exchange of goods across neighbouring towns and borders and trade activit ies have been supported by the limitations in resources across the regions. Some areas have been considered rich in vegetation and in fruit trees and others rich in copper or metal3. Since all these resources are essential to survival, trading became a useful tool for business. Travels across long distances among traders have also been seen because of these differences in resources. Silent trade became one of the common practices among traders and the strong demand for goods from other towns or regions were little by little filled by these trade activities4. Such trading activities persisted and evolved throughout the years until much profit was last seen from such foreign trade. With difficulties in availing some foreign products, the price of trading increased. Early solutions to this shortage and business dilemma saw the initial stirrings of multinational corporations5. These MNCs were able to establish transactions within their boundaries. Fairs became one of the solutions and the traders met their customers in one place6. The Romans were soon prompted to establish commercial laws to govern these transactions. This gave the traders more legal options in trading and this gave the traders some other means of monitoring their products. In order to ease the transacting processes, partnerships were established7. This started the process of investments made on these trading activities, and the corporations allowed swell investments by outsiders, with the prospect of future shares in the profits. In the 19th century, the limited liability rule was seen, along with the reduced impact of the state as a means of limiting the growth of the joint blood line and as a result, the multinational corporations expanded to Europe and to the US8. The motivation to invest overseas was seen as gainful because of the banking and bond markets. The needs of the growing railroad system also established a market for the sale of railroad bonds9. With the increasing wealth and power of the western nations, massive foreign investments were seen in the 19th and on to the early 20th century. This marked the start of the globalization trends10. The UK has been known to export about 25% of its ceiling before WWII and France has been known to invest in foreign ventures to an even greater percentage. These investments were directed towards countries which were eager to upbeat from the industrial revolution already taking place in the west11. Britain

Rechargeable Batteries report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rechargeable Batteries report - Assignment Example14). This paper is a report on the teaching of reversible batteries in terms of technology, uses, cost, size and environmental friendliness.Rechargeable batteries argon electrochemical cells that produce energy through a reversible chemical reaction as delimit by Li, Weng and Chan (2011). The potential of these cells to be recharged makes them fall under the group of secondary cells. Like other cells, rechargeable cells comprise of various sizes and are manufactured in various shapes. The diverse types of rechargeable cells are make though technological combination of various chemicals to enhance their effectiveness and energy output. Trevey and Bright (2011, p. 139) say that when compared to spendable batteries, rechargeable batteries are less harmful to the environment. Additionally, rechargeable batteries are less costly than the disposable ones. gibe to Lim (2010, p. 22), the development of rechargeable batteries was aimed at enhancing their use in the portable appliances such(prenominal) as mobile phones. In the motor vehicle industry, rechargeable batteries fetch commonly been used in vehicle starters. The development in the use of rechargeable batteries is parallel to the advances in technology which has led to innovations of various appliances, equipment and hardware. The development of light vehicles such as electric bikes and wheelchairs has also led to the application of rechargeable batteries in motorizing these vehicles. Li, Weng and Chan (2011) add that rechargeable batteries have found wide use in sports such motorizing golf carts. Cameras which capture sports activities also apply rechargeable batteries to enhance the experiences of the viewer which are related to the increased demands of consumers for the enhancements of technology.Rechargeable batteries are also finding change magnitude use within the computing environment. The advances in information and computing technology have led to the development of portable

Is Democracy the best type of Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is Democracy the best type of Government - Essay ExampleIn these societies, majority rule only served to further the inte equipoises of a certain elite who had always been in power. The entry of new faces to the sit of governance was rare and often short-lived. For instance in Vietnams case, the country was run by a democratically elected government where the Prime Minister was a cousin of the emperor of Vietnam (Halberstam & Singal, 2008). The democratic policies initiated by this democratic government led to the alienation of large parts of the population, who eventually tilted over to the communistic camp and began an insurgency. The democracy under Nguyen Phuc Buu Loc was unable to shelter the interests of the many against the interests of the few. It has to be kept in wit that Vietnam is not the only nation to pick up suffered a democratic fate due to class appoint and lack of equality. The quagmire in West Africa and the Horn of Africa is yet another example of democratic ill luck that has ruined millions of lives. The democratic body in these nations allowed the power empty elite to broker power to themselves leaving millions in desperation. The resulting governments led to the estrangement of the masses which in turn led to bloody civil wars and serial anarchy (Bassey & Oshita, 2010). The outcomes of democracy in these nations signalled a major change in the very(prenominal) definition of democracy. What Abraham capital of Nebraska declared to be of the raft, by the people, for the people at Gettysburg (Wilson, 2006) has become of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1% in the twenty first century (Stiglitz, 2012). Attempts at promoting democracy across borders have often proven not only difficult but also unmanageable and dangerous. People spearheading the cause of democracy for opposed nations fail to account for socio-economic and historic peculiarities that shape each nation. A society composed of tribal systems already has its own version of gov ernance though there are no bravura democratic assemblies and parliaments to show the rest of the world. Imposing a foreign system that the local people are not aware of give never work in such a situation. The recent failed experiments at democratic implantation have failed miserably in both Iraq and Afghanistan (Shadid, 2005) (Hopkins, 2008). A democratic system requires nourishment from the grass root direct to flourish. If the roots of the system fail to support it, then the democratic system is open and vulnerable to exploitation. typically democratic systems are exploited not from the bottom but from the very top. Democracies provide the power hungry elite with multiple avenues to manipulate people at all levels in society. Stieglitz (2012) has rightly declared democracies to be representative of the top 1% of all people in a society. The people at the channelise of affairs in a democracy possess the right tools and skills to manipulate the masses through propaganda. It is dry and paradoxical to realise that the very people who forced Wall channel to crash were the very people who were bailed out by the democratic government (Byrne, 2012). Hordes of common people looking to occupy Wall Street to prevent further economic exploitation were rounded up by state machinery using the very resources that these ordinary people had paid for in terms of taxes. It is regrettable that in the so claimed representative system of democratic governance, the very people w

Describe the history of building construction changes in the context Research Paper

Describe the fib of grammatical construction construction changes in the context of burn safety and prevention. What are examples of major c - research Paper ExampleIt is important that the sack up safety professionals and the rout out fighters of today continue to look lynchpin on these horrifying tragedies and remember what valuable lessons were learned from these cauterises, and also remember at what cost those lessons came. The deadliest fire in Chicago history occurred in the Iroquois theater, on celestial latitude 30, 1903. The reportedly fireproof building had been unclouded a mere five weeks before the scenery caught fire on a reflector. An attempt to dally down the fire safety door, a stage curtain made of asbestos, failed, and the panicked cast fled prohibited the back. The draft from the stage door caused an explosion of flames on the stage that immediately combusted much of the seating area. In the ensuing rush to the exits, 602 people were killed, many of them from being crushed against locked exit doors or exit doors that undefendable to the inside of the theater (Eastland Memorial Society, n.d.) As a result of the theater fire, Chicago mayor Harrison disagreeable over one hundred and seventy theaters, dance halls, churches, and other large gathering spaces for re- command for compliance with building codes. Many of the fire codes had been ignored in the construction of the Iroquois airfield due to bribes given to local governmental officials. Mayor Harrison was determined that this practice would not be allowed to continue. New laws and codes were passed that required marked fire exits, realize exit paths, and doors that opened outward instead of into the line of travel. Additionally, any new theaters had to be equipped with a steel fire curtain for the stage to prevent failure of the type that occurred with the asbestos curtain at the Iroquois Theater (Eastland Memorial Society, n.d.) Another Chicago tragedy was the school fire at Our Lady of Angels on December 1, 1958. The building had a brick exterior and completely wooden interior, and a roof that had been waxed with petroleum-based products. The building had exclusively one fire exit, which to be reached required traveling through the main corridor, negating its purpose. The fire alarms were mounted intentionally out of reach of the children in the building to prevent mischief and, regardless, were not designed to alert the fire department when activated. The fire started in the basement dumpster, allegedly by a ten year senile student at the school, then ignited a nearby staircase. The combustion of the stairwell released gases, heat, smoke, and flames onto the jiffy floor, as the second floor exit to the stairwells lacked a fire door, unlike the first floor exits to the same staircases. Many of the children were killed by jumping or falling out the second-story windows after the center corridor filled with flames and the escape route was blocked. T he concluding death toll was ninety-two children and three teaching nuns (Morgan, n.d.). Disturbingly, the building had passed a fire safety inspection just a few weeks before the incident. It had met all fire codes at the time of its construction, and Chicago fire code did not require that existing structures retrofit equipment to meet newer standards. As a result of the disaster, fire codes affecting schools were changed across the country to make schools safer, including such reforms as exterior fire escapes and fire alarms that rang in local fire departments (Morgan, 2001). Another

The Importance of Maintaining a Valid Physical Therapy License Essay

The Importance of Maintaining a legal corporeal Therapy License - Essay ExampleThe license renewal process thus ensures that the physical therapist has completed the required continuing education and, as a result, has access to the most current info and techniques available. Moreover, it is crucial that physical therapists maintain valid licenses so that the state throne ensure that its physical therapy professionals are obliged to adhere to the ethical standards of the industry. Additionally, it is essential that physical therapists maintain their licenses for a variety of legal reasons.Physical therapy forbearings rely on their physical therapist to provide them with a certain standard of care. Often, physical therapy can provide a patient with the means to achieve a better quality of life. A patient needs to be able to trust in the qualifications of their physical therapist not only to aid them reach the goals but also to make sure he does not further damage himself in the process. The physical therapy license provides this security for the patient, giving him the knowledge that this physical therapist is qualified to advise him. If a physical therapist allows his license to lapse, he is no longer certified to provide physical therapy work to patients and is accordingly not deserving of the patients trust.

Budgetary control Essay Example for Free

Budgetary have got EssayNowadays heeds philosophy revolves around the idea of planning. According to McKinsey (1922), chief executives have come to the realization that todays task kindle only be properly fulfilled thanks to the meticulous planning of yesterday. The budgetary chair framework has been openly accepted and widespread as a alikel for vigilance and boilers suit organisation tick. Nonetheless, recent evolutions in the managerial sciences have come to jeopardise the reliability of budgeting as an usanceful method for the come across of per trunkance and organisation. The c at a timern of whether budgeting is in fact an apt prick has created mixed chances and cut into amongst scholars. This quiz will aim to evaluate whether budgetary condition is concerned primarily with the project of performance, or if it has of slowly taken on greater importance especially as a more than(prenominal) combinative visit weapon for the organisation. In do to do so it will firstly define the center of ii fundamental concepts much(prenominal) as budget and budgetary control.Secondly it will evaluate the use of budgetary control as a tool for todays organization. Thirdly it will catch debates and criticisms on its the effectiveness and use and Lastly it will conclude by assessing to what extent budgetary control has become a more integrative control mechanism for organisations. The work of fall upon specialists in management such as Bhimani, Otley, Van der Stede and McWatters, will be drawn on in order to concealing the break issues of the discussion.Before commencing on a discussion of budgetary control, it is immanent to clarify and define the devil key terms that will be apply in this essay budget and budgetary control. On the one hand, as defined by Bhimani et al. (2008) a budget is a quantitative rule of a proposed plan of action by management for succeeding(a) time period and it is an aid to coordination and carrying out of the plan. On the same line McWatters et al.(2008) highlights the importance of budgets as a planning control arrangement for a company, which translate organisational objectives into financial terms. Drury (2009) exemplifies the many different purposes that budgets serve, such as coordinating activities, conveying non-homogeneous arrangements to different responsibility centres, arranging and controlling operations, motivating employees to gain ground organisational objectives and assessing the execution of managers.According to Johnson (1996), it was in the sixties that associations started to highly regard the utilization of budgets as tools for performance measurement and the control of managerial objectives. On the early(a) hand, budgetary control is described by Periasamy (2010) as a system of controlling speak tos which includes the planning of budgets, coordinating the department and establishing responsibilities, comparing actual performance with the budgeted and acting upon results to achieve maximum profitability.A similar, yet more formal, definition of budgetary control is given by the Chartered Institute of caution Accountants of England and Wales (CIMA) the establishment of budgets relating to the responsibilities of executives to the requirement of a policy and the continuous comparison of actual with the budgeted results, either to secure by individual actions the objectives of policy or to provide a priming coat for its revision. There are two main purposes of budgets which scholars have identified planning and controlling.The first purpose, which McWatters et al. (2008) discusses, is that budgets have a fundamental fictional character in undertaking planning decisions. In fact, the integration of budgets into a strategic planning of long term and short-run objectives is crucial to the harmony of the project itself. This claim mess be explained by Bhimani et al. (2008) who proposes that, budgets provide a more realistic view on the po ssible outcomes of investitures, which consequently leads managers to adjust their strategic goals accordingly.To put it another way, when a company wants to match its potentials suitably with the prospects of the marketplace, it undertakes a strategic analysis to then solidification several semipermanent and short-run goals. On this basis a budget is hypothesise. However, as stated before, once the budget that has been formulated projects a more realistic view on the strategic objectives, these strategic objectives are then readjusted once again. The second purpose that Emmanuel et al.(1990) discusses is to do with budgets as a form of control and a tool for observe a companys performance. McWatters et al. (2008) describe this function by outlining the idea that budgets are frequently use to assign responsibilities by allocating resources to different managers. A budget may be given with more or less flexibility, for showcase by assigning a large sum of money for advertising to be used at the managers discretion, or by highlighting the different ways that this money should be used.The elective flexibility of budgets allows for a company to give the adequate level of responsibility to its employees and thus the organisation is able-bodied to maintain a level of control. McWatters et al. (2008) further elaborates on the function of budgeting for control by suggesting that the numbers in a budget are also used as goals to motivate organisational members. This motivational aspect of budgeting can be explained by Bhimani et al (2008) who states that the manner in which a budget is administered can adversely shock absorber on the managers behaviour.A manager must believe that the budget is achievable in order to actively attempt to pursue it, Bhimani et al (2008) adds that through the constraints and goals set by budgeting targets, managers are often make to effect changes in a forceful way. The way that a budget is formulated, and the demands and pressur es that it targets are key in encouraging the right degree of motivation, an enterprise can set a difficult to attain budget in an attempt to motivate unspoiled performance.This is because, in practice, budgets that are set up to a certain degree of tightness often become stronger motivators (Bhimani et al. , 2008). A final point to consider with the role of budgetary control is the function that it plays in enhancing communication at bottom a company. Internal coordination mingled with the steps of performance , as well as communication among departments are key aspects for a companys performance. Dury (2009) states that the budget serves as a vehicle through which the actions of the different parts of an organisation can be brought together and reconciled into one common plan.Hence, hierarchical and inter-departmental communication within the organisation is highly facilitated thanks to the use of budgets. For instance, considering a multinational corporation that, due to its size, has difficulties in communicating between the production department and the sales department, budgets could in this circumstance be the most operable manner of communicating, as they set common goals between different departments. As it is clear form the paragraphs above, the controlling side of budgets play a stronger role than the planning aspect.An example that instead criticise this view can be found in the strategic planning of investments. Maximising performance of a company can be synonymous for maximising the shareholders value. Akintoye (2008) argues that equality in investment decisions are fairly dependent on the solidity of the budgetary control system, which in turn is key to maximise the companys shareholders value. Therefore, it is arguable that a weak budgetary control system may be the cause of unprofitable investments and consequently may trigger the difference of shareholders value (Akintoye, 2008).There are many examples that reflect this issue, such as one reported by the European Journal of Economics Finance and Administrative Science where the Coca-Cola Company, with the purpose of differentiating production, failed miserably in their investment on food and wine in that the investment rate of return resulted to be beneath their cost of capital. The tremendous loss of money caused by this investment and other failures of this type grab the attention of scholars, cosmetic surgery questions on the salience of the budgetary control system, as well as whether budgets are mainly used to control or plan organisations.Other criticisms towards budgetary control as a main form of performance control, argue instead that the use of budgetary control in performance management has of late taken on greater importance especially as a more integrative control mechanism for the organisation. This stands on the basis of different points of view of the role that motivation and communication play within a company. Bhimani et al. (2008) argues that current speculation concerning budgetary control systems prescribes two inverse spatial relations.From one perspective, there is the view that upholds incremental change to budgetary process in terms of interfacing such forms more closely to operational prerequisites, arranging frameworks, expanding the recurrence of plan amendment and the arrangement of rolling budgets. A second perspective supports the abandoning of the budgetary control system as a method of organisational control, and supplanting it with elective systems to empower firms on their adaptability and adjustability. The second perspective arose because of the consequences caused by the conflictual role of budgets between planning and controlling.To summarize in planning and settling choices, budgets convey specialise information between different departments and hierarchy of the organisation, whereas for control, budgets serve as benchmarks for performance measurement (Otley, 1978). According to McWatters et al. ( 2008) if too many boundaries are placed into performance targets, then specialised executives will settle down and run off disclosing accurate predictions of prospected occurrences, and instead rely more on budgeted figures, which ease the achievement of the targets. A clear example of this conflict is given by the marketing sector.Salespeople according to McWatters et al. (2008) are usually very specialised and can very well forecast future sales. Their predictions are very important to settle the amount of goods to be produced. Inasmuch budgetary control of sales takes place at the end of the year, and it is used as a tool to evaluate performance. Salespeople are reasonably incentivised to under-forecast future sales in order to assure a prescribed evaluation of their performance. Nevertheless this behaviour induces the company to have higher production costs, creating counterproductive results.However, this behavioural possibleness is contrasted by Van der Stede (2000) in his study on the relationship between two consequences of budgetary control slack creation and managerial short-term orientation. In his experiment he attempts to find the relationship between rigid budgetary control and slack creation, where he defines slack as the action by tune unit managers that leads them to exploit their position of superior knowledge about business possibilities vis-a-vis corporate management to get performance targets that are deliberately lower than their best guess forecast about the future (lukka, 1988).Van der Stedes (2008) statistical correlation showed in fact that rigid budget control cut back slack. To strengthen his view, Bhimani et al. (2008) states that budgeted performance measures can overcome two keys limitations of using past performance as basis for judging actual result, meaning that, not only budgetary control is a good judge of performance, but it also develops better aspects in comparison to other evaluation techniques. In conclusion, this essay has highlighted the role of budgetary control and its functions in terms of planning the organisational control of a company, as well as its role in performance management.Motivation and communication are both key aspects in the management of performance, and both of these functions are met through the system of budgetary control, either by position achievable incentives, or by providing the necessary requirements to improve communications within a company. Having underlined the role of budgetary control as an enhancer of performance management, it is clear to see how it has become a key mechanism for the integrative control of an organisation. Nonetheless, this essay has outlined some of the key disputes of the reliability and effectiveness of budgetary control as an adequate method of performance management.An example of this is highlighted by the fact that when managers are given grim budgeting figures, they sometimes deem the goals to be too easily achieved, and hence g ive a lesser gossip of motivation. Despite the many critics of budgetary control as a tool for the organisation of a company, scholars such as Van der Stede (2000) and Bhimani et al. (2008) have confidently stated that when a budget is set correctly, it can significantly improve an organisations performance, including the integrative function within a company and is in fact a more effective tool than other existing methods of control.

Instructional adjustment Essay Example for Free

Instructional adjustment EssayIntroduction A survey polled some 770 students and asked how a good deal thrust they felt they were putting into their schoolwork. To everyones surprise, the students with blue grades thought they worked as bad as anybody Yet when their employment habits were examined, it was discovered that they actu completelyy did far less(prenominal) central officework than their high-achieving schoolmates (Awake, 7). It appears that their teachers were at least partially responsible for this delusion. perchance they felt that these low-achieving children were not capable of much to begin with. Or they may have felt that only being warm and friendly toward them was decent to motivate them to excel. Whatever the case, it seems that the teachers highly praised the students most minimal efforts. straits grades were routinely given out save for attending grad. The children were made to feel that they already worked as hard as they could. Thus they did li ttle to improve. This is among the problems occurring in schools and other training institutes for children.According to surveys, there should be more creative and interesting strategical approaches that They polled some 770 students and asked how much effort they felt they were putting into their schoolwork. To everyones surprise, the students with low grades thought they worked as hard as anybody Yet when their study habits were examined, it was discovered that they actually did far less homework than their high-achieving schoolmates. It appears that their teachers were at least partially responsible for this delusion.Perhaps they felt that these low-achieving children were not capable of much to begin with. Or they may have felt that merely being warm and friendly toward them was enough to motivate them to excel. Whatever the case, it seems that the teachers highly praised the students most minimal efforts. Passing grades were routinely given out merely for attending class. The children were made to feel that they already worked as hard as they could. Thus they did little to improve. teachers should manipulation to be able to attain a better result from teaching students who argon both considered vague and turn up learners.In short, both groups of students should be able to be catered by the strategies to be applied. In this paper, a wide array of choices and steps shall be discussed to answer the said problem in teaching and training. The statement Strategies Every study time essentialiness include reviews of the past learned lessons. This result protagonist the students have in mind the lessons that were learned during the last meeting for the class and thus refresh in their memories the overall content of the subject. later on the review, the presentation of the new(a) concept must be performed by the teacher.The following are some examples of being able to do so in such an interesting way for both the slow and advance learners Presentation utilize illustrative drawings-children and students of all ages often enjoy the drawings shown to put out a certain topic. employment of Mind games- as an introduction let the students think in a fun way. Introduction using a story- this lead help the students think and analyze what is going to be discussed. Aside from this, the students attention will be caught by the story. Usage of Media- there available VCDs and DVDs provided for several subjects in school.This could help the students enjoy part they learn. Usage of technology- computer presentations and other presentations using technology inventions could help the learners find a way to find the topic in their own pace. Relate the topic to reality-Usually the certain topics discussed in school are found in real life Use key words to introduce the topic-Usually one word keys that introduce a whole topic helps the students remember the lessons easier. Use open-ended questions- letting the students think will help t hem comprehend better on what is being discussed in class. Encouraging a role play activity- this will allow the students have a refreshing start for a new lesson Giving handouts about the new lesson After introducing the lesson for the day a guided procedure must follow through to help the students go along with the topic for the day. Here are some hints in guiding students effectively Using a diagram- an illustrated and colorful diagram could help the students visualize the activities Use guided questions- give the students the chance to decide on how they are going to go about the lesson. Go beyond the book- do not just routine the book as a source, instead let the students prepare their own sources and let them share it in class for classroom participation. Prepare handouts Aside from classroom discussions though, students who are assumed to be slow learners must be encouraged to do independent practices which may include the following Remedial Classes Extra grooming Act ivities Extended class sessions for a group of students Students assist students program Extra project for make-up home works for classroom activities which they could not cope up with. Encourage home reading activities Making goodly time adjustments for a students completion of school requirements With all these guidelines, a student is divinatory to comply with the teachers strategies and if that doesnnt happen, some interventions might be necessary for the teacher to apply like Finding the root cause of the problem Identifying the students learning stage or learning pace Match students to appropeiate levels of learning Adopt evidence-based intervention strategies Require active response Review, review. Review.If all this things shall be considered in teaching a group of students comprising of both the advance and the slow learners, agreeable results are to be gained since all these are already proven effective by many teachers worldwide. Hence, the teacher must alway s see to it that every learning need of each student in a class is sufficiently provided.BIBLIOGRAPHY Magazines and Journals Pay constant attention to your teaching. (August 8, 1984). Awake Watchtower watchword and Tract Society. Brooklyn, New York. 13-15. How bed I Improve my study habits. (March 15,1999).Awake Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. Brooklyn, New York. 7. How important are grades? (March 8, 1984). Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. Brooklyn, New York. 12-15. Internet Source Steven R. Shaw, Ph. D. , NCSP. (2005). Academic Interventions for Slow Learners. http//www. nasponline. org/publications/cq285slowlearn. html. (17 June 2006). Books Castillo, R. 1991. teach learners to learn. English Teaching Forum, 29, 3, pp. 28-30. Mercer, C. and A. Mercer. 1989. Teaching students with learning problems. Columbus, Ohio Merril Publishing Co.

Leading them to Believe Essay Example for Free

Leading them to Believe experimentTo serve matinee idol and our country, we must develop our talents and skills. Use what talents you possess the wood be silent if no birds sang there except those that sang best By Henry Van Dyke for each one of possess different and unique talents that we burn mapping to serve our country speci bothy our God who offend this special skills to us.Each of us can make a difference if we believe in ourselves that we can make it for our country beca workout we use it on the right way // We can change other throngs life if we foraged them to show their talents and not just only to hide it/ simply the well-nigh important thing that we must know and not to forget is in everything that you do/ Do it all for the glory of God Use what talents you have. Many singers, actors, dancers, philosophers, mathematicians, inventors, have succeed because they use their skills and do their best to obtain their dreams. As you can see, they use their skills t o serve our country.Inventors invented many machines and technologies to make our life easy. Several singers like lea Salonga, Jessica Sanchez and Charice Pempengco have received numerous awards that brings glory on our country Philippines. Some people claim they move intot have any special talents or skills, or they dont pursue discovering them. But God desires every member of the body of Christ to use abilities he divinely gave. Therefore, each worshipper has the responsibility to seek out and discover God given talents doing this can launch a life of enjoyable service to God.One way to recognize our talents is to ask c overleap friends or family members which atomic number 18as they see as our strengths. In receiving this talents, we have several choices, we can set them aside in disappointment and pursue something that looks disclose in our own eyes, we can develop them for personal gain or we can cultivate and coiffure them as our own gifts back to God. When it comes to l ong term fulfillment, however we find greatest satisfaction when our gifts and abilities are used as intended.When God gives you a talent, he expects you to use it. Its like a muscle, if you use it, it get out grow. If you dont, youll lose it. If you have a talent but are afraid to use it, or if you get lazy and dont use it to benefit others, youre going to lose it. Like the parable of the ten talents in the bible, if you dont use what Godhas given you, he will take it away and give it to someone else who will. But if you use talents wisely, God will give you more. God will bless your level of faithfulness.

Teens in Therapy Essay Example for Free

Teens in Therapy EssayRichard Bromfield, PH. D, is a psychologist, he is also a faculty genus Ph eachus at the Harvard Medical School, and he specializes in therapy with children and insubstantials. He is a writer and wrote several best sellers well-nigh children, adolescents and psychotherapy. This restrain is one and exactly(a) of Bromfields many award winning writings. Introduction The book I chose to check everyplace for this assignment is entitled Teens in Therapy Making It on their own Engaging Adolescents in Successful Therapy for trustworthy Lives, by spring Richard Bromfield. This book offers redress advice and expose insights into overcoming challenging clinical terrain. I selected this book base on my passion and fervor for working with adolescents. It is my belief that working with adolescents and being quite young myself would be a take exception. This books key focus is to help clinicians engage adolescents in therapy as roughly individuals argon coer ced into the activity, and ar reluctant at giving their all during therapy sessions. The backbone of the book consists of clinical eggshell material, which explores real stories, and events that take place in most therapeutic sessions.Bromfield uses adolescents and their stories as pens of the book, as their experiences shape the stories fashioning them vivid and no naturalorthy. The books bailiwick is highly comprehensible, realistic, intellectual, and honest. It caters to an audience of beginner therapist, as it explores the essentials of adolescent therapy with disclose jargon or over reliance of theory. Critique Only when people realize what is in their lives can they make decisions to continue their sr. ways or choose active paths towards change. (Pg. ) this was one of the many quotes that stood out for me during the course of readings as it is one of the prime(prenominal) concepts that all therapist need to accept and acknowledge. The author emphasizes that adolescen ts, corresponding all people, do not change until they want to, and only after they crack and accept their challenges can the therapy begin to progress. Each chapter mirrors the therapeutic process, from treatment planning, confrontation, opposition, motivational assessment, to crisis management, boundary setting, and enduring failed therapy sessions.Each chapter is well laid out with the order and content that it covers, as it explores various different scenarios in a step-by-step process. The first three (3) chapters echo the first stages of therapy, such as creating the correct settings, going by the initial greeting and meeting phases and mete outing the preliminary difficulties that whitethorn occur during therapeutic sessions. Just as it is difficult for us to trust people and let them into our lives so to he says is the exemplar with adolescents.Building trust has been described as one of the earliest growingal delegate and the foundation on which all others are built (Erikson, 1980). Establishing a trusting blood is fundamental to the development and the progress of any therapeutic relationship. The therapist is portrayed in this book as someone who enables the adolescent client to take control of their life, by recognizing and regarding them with all their weaknesses and the challenging systems it may take, setting parameters, and meeting these adolescents wheresoever they are, sympathizing and interacting with them on their level using their jargon.A major technique that Bromfield describes in his book as he speaks about interacting with adolescents is creating a shared lyric. He depicts this by using a case study of a boy named Karl. Bitch Alert, Headache no 25 and pretending to strangle his own neck were like minded key words used by my teenage patients to speed dial how they felt( pg. 116) . Bromfield adds, Whether embody in a word, catch phrase, play scenario, secret terra firma or entire world of metaphor, languages and world that th erapist and their adolescent patients mutually create can become their own.These shared meanings become the powerful routes through which the therapist and teenager communicate best (pg. 117). This suggestion has go forthed me to broaden my style and approach to creating a more(prenominal) comfortable space for adolescents to open up and share. This he adds would serve as a shortcut for difficult events and the way they express those events verbally, allowing a more unique and connected space for the teenager and myself. Empathy is a central theme that runs through the entire book.Dr.Bromfield highlights the importance and significance of empathy, understanding adolescents while fit the need to challenge and push them. Empathy is an emotion, I value highly as a future humanistic counselor as I believe it can be a very potent tool in therapy. As to this day I am awed at empathic understandings near supernatural power to soften childrens and adults defensive resolve (p48), he de scribes the miraculous power of empathy and how it can allow persons in therapy to uncover those other emotions that they may have suppressed quite well.In chapter six (6), Bromfield points out several small gestures that therapist may do to create a more comfortable and take prisoner environment for adolescents. I concur with this belief, as ruleing a sense of security and importance in therapy are key in its progression. He claims that simple gesture such as offering a shawl, opening a window or simply adjusting the heater can assure these teenagers that their needs are important and valuable to you. Bromfields passion for helping adolescents are mirrored in every case study that he describes, where he goes the extra mile to ensure that the engagement in therapy is successful.His patience, fervor and perseverance are what ensure most therapeutic sessions are successful. Those characteristics are the ones that should be heeded and exhibited by severally new counselor. Bromfield uses a whole chapter to discuss a key subject in therapy, satin flower. His chapter entitled, Truth or Consequences Assessing and Promoting satin flower in Therapy, assesses one significant moral characteristics for me as I believe honesty is a key moral characteristic that is needed in therapeutic sessions.Bromfield points out that honesty in therapy should be a two-way communication, and that both the therapist and the adolescent need to adhere to this trait. The importance of respecting someones honesty is also highlighted in the books as to not be judgmental or disappointed when the truth is revealed in sessions. He reveals that being genuine and real with adolescents aids the therapy, as they are quite keen on detecting when therapists are being fake or unreal with them.The aspect of sincerity have invariably been a hurdle for me, as I often ponder of what may occur if I turn out negative facial reactions to any information that a client may reveal to me during a session. The author gives insightful and detailed suggestions as to how to avoid or rather prepare oneself to hear the most horrific and absurd stories, in so doing, avoiding the element of surprise. Reading some of the stories that the author portrays has helped me overcome that hurdle as he offers other suggestions and avenues for avoiding judgmental comments or expressions.The author cautions Therapist do not take the feature that a teenager has opened the door a crack, as an invitation to kick it down with critical and probe questions, instead he gives alternative responses that may show adolescents recognition for their bravery of telling the truth. The subject of balancing between clients and their parents is also discussed whereby he examines the importance of confidentiality. This being another(prenominal) main battle that I see myself having a struggle with as being pressured for results from some parents, and then balancing the confidentially and trusting relationship the child and I may have developed.Sending parents out the room is never an easy line Bromfield fails to elaborate on this key aspect of therapy and the mechanisms one may use in order to point of reference such an issue. The issue of clients falling in love with the therapist is an important issues that Bromfield doesnt take into work out in his book. The age of adolescence is quite a complicated stage, during this time hormones begin to release and new feelings and motions are experienced. Therefore, having an adolescent fall in love during sessions is quite a prevalent phenomenon.One of the most attractive chapters Failures, Missteps and Lost Causes it sets a tone of consolation, as it highlights that having failures is normal and that not every therapeutic session pull up stakes always be a success. Do your best and forgive yourself when you fall short, Bromfield argues that therapists, can only do as much as they can and not always their attempts in fixing a situation is successf ul but each failure should be looked at a lesson and a luck for growth as a therapist. Bromfield claims When I began doing psychotherapy with teenagers and children I was naive, I saw myself as a purist (pg. 29).An increased sense of comfort came when he added that he found himself being taught by his young patients and he needed to find other methods of helping them. He learnt a little, by little after each session where he added new skills and tools to his repertoire, in an attempt to help adolescents engage in successful therapy. This self-reliance challenged my misconception that therapist had to know it all and helped to realize that everyone has to start somewhere and not always would we have all the answers r solutions for the problems that are presented to us, but as time goes along we would add to our knowledge and experience. However this chapter fails to address the topic of recognizing professional limitation, where a counselor must recognize their inability to work wi th a special client or deal with specific problems. When a clients personal dilemma, begins to cause a counselor personal difficulties to a stage at which their own military capability is compromised, then a referral should be considered. This issue of burnout is also deficient in this chapter.Burnout may affect many counselors and can compress their effectiveness of their professional life Grosh and Olser (1994) The book does contains a few grammatical errors which occasionally requires the reader to re-read a clip to work out its meaning. However, this book is a well-written, pragmatic guide for beginning therapist or students pursing courses in therapy, psychology or counseling. It can also be a beneficial guide for parents of adolescents as it offers give the axe on coping with many difficult situations. It teaches and addresses minor situations to extreme situations, from introvert issues to violence.However, I disagree with the authors recommendation for it being suitable for seasoned professions, as I believe they would have already had the knowledge and experience into most of these scenarios that he has revealed in his book and the information maybe monotonous to them. The book also lacks theoretical framework, as it is highly reliant on simply clients that Dr. Bromfield interacted with. It is a highly inwrought book and as it is based purely on his perspective and experience as a counselor. I would highly recommend this book to students and beginner therapist, as it is easy reading.Bromfield is a humorous writer, his use of witticisms, vignettes and unfiltered language would entice and hold a readers attention. This book led me to find myself taking every free probability to engage in further reading at no point did I ever feel confused or unable to comprehend the messages that were being illustrated. The use of real life situation deepened my understanding, as I tend to be a visual learner. I have already ordered another of Bromfields books, a s I believe his writing has a lot to offer me as a future child and adolescent counselor as it has made me feel more confident and prepared.

My Ethical Beliefs Essay Example for Free

My Ethical Beliefs EssayAs I sat great deal to write this paper, I really struggled to get it started with this definition. It is one of those things that if spoken about, you know what it is, but the minute you be asked to break it down, the parturiency is not easy. I guess I will begin by saying that moral philosophy is what is more often than not accepted as right, or correct. Even though moral philosophy atomic number 18 usually use simultaneously with morals, I deal morals argon more inherited and personal while ethics are what the majority of people in one culture deem to be ethical. In a way, ethics are like a set of rules that govern human behaviors and serve as a prat for right conduct principles.After reviewing the ethical approaches, a few stood out to me as being applicable to my personal beliefs. The first that I recognized was the ripeice approach for its use of fairness. When I am exhausting to resolve a problem I endlessly try to weigh the good with the bad as in this approach. The justice approach ultimately asks the question, Is this a fair distribution of benefits and burdens?, which I remember is just that. You fuddle to consider how much good or harm will come of your decision. I call in that this approach is very important to apply in the classroom. I learned that fair and just does not always mean everyone gets what they want. There are going to be plenty of cartridge clips when a military post will not nominate a solution that makes everyone happy, but that is where the justice approach comes into play.In the classroom, I think it is important for teachers to some times take their emotions out of a site and really see it for what it is preferably of thinking who will be mad or upset about a decision. For example, if there are ten students out of a class of 30 that can not complete a chuck on the day it was due for any reason even though it had been clearly set with time in advance, then according to this appro ach, the teacher may push the due date further down since all the students would benefit from it and the students grades would be harmed if it was not changed. However, the teacher might offer the students that did the project on time to have extra credit or might just penalize the ten students slightly in order to keep it fair for everyone.The other approach that sticks out to me was the one relating to virtues. I like to think that I am non judgemental and respect peoples beliefs but when it comes to making my own decisions, I definitely search within my own beliefs to make choices. The virtue approach asks if your decision reflects the person you want to be which or the views of an organization you represent. I try to hold myself up to a high standard of religion and I find this approach matches that concept well.Every teacher has their own unique style of principle and their own beliefs, and there is nothing wrong with that. It is actually very important for students to exper ience different fictitious character of people as their teachers so that they can experience how different people can be. When it comes to this virtues approach, I savour like this concept could be hard to implement. Not always, but I believe sometimes teachers have to put aside their own morals to deal with certain situations.But, on the other hand, I think going by this approach can also be helpful, if a teacher has good morals, they are more likely to make good decisions. An example of this could be in a situation where a student acts out in class but you know it is a result of a ostracise situation that occurred in their home. In most cases, a teacher might scold that child and not take anything else into consideration, but if a teacher were to search into her/his own virtues and try to work out the situation with the student since they know it is not coming from a malicious place.There may be much more than just two options offered as a solution in any given situation. For t his reason, teachers have the Florida Department of Education Code of Ethics by which we go by. This code of ethics is set up as a way to set a standard. Not everyone has the same set of morals and ethics but by writing this code the department of education they make it clear to all teachers that in order to work as a teacher in the state of Florida, then you must contain by their rules.The code holds teachers accountable for their actions without any gray areas. It is applied to all teachers in the public coach system and affects them directly for that reason. As future teachers, we need to accept that even if we do not always agree with it, we have to abide by the rules in the code of ethics. The guide will dictate how to go about many of the situations we may encounter in our classrooms. Therefore, the Florida Department of Education Code of Ethics is full of life to our profession.

Creative Writing (Story beginnings) Essay Example for Free

Creative Writing ( romance beginnings) searchA golden haze encircled the angels head and its torso glowed dazzling white against the drab morose w every(prenominal) behind.Whats happe she willed her m appearh to finish the blame nonwith provideing it wouldnt obey so she gave up. She fought too against the shake crash taking her away from the slightly damp pavement but as every ounce of resistor drained disclose of her limbs, she went limp and was completely at its mercy. The final panorama that crossed her mind sooner it succumbed to the black cloud that eventually engulfed her was that she recognised this angel. *Elizabeth Anne lavatoryson Lizzie to her friends was a beautiful girl. With endless jet-black locks flow raze her back and striking features, she facial gestureed straight off a catwalk. Tonight she was wearing her favourite pale strike hard mini-dress with manicured nails and dainty heels to match and with her everlasting(a) figure, she was more than able to carry it off. A combination of her stunning looks and the impudence she exuded made every head turn when she walked past a fact of which she was well aware.Lizzie had spent all night in Brightons new trendiest nightspot Heaven. The place was heaving with bodies bouncing to the thundering defeat buffeting out of the state of the art stereo system. They were puppets dancing to the tune of the headphone-wearing master in the glass carrel in a higher place. Fluffy white clouds were suspended from the ceiling, in keeping with the paradisiacal theme, and the strobe lighting completed the effect.The drinks were flowing and the atmosphere was electric just how Lizzie standardisedd it and as she cast her chocolate-brown eyeball around the dance flooring a wave of euphoria swept everywhere her. She felt as though she was perched on upside of the world.Already tonight, she had received fifteen requests to buy her a drink a record even by her standards and had accepted on ly one. This was one more than usual though. She may have seemed wish the happy-go-lucky showcase but appearances can be deceptive and she was instead the opposite. Lizzie, a seasoned partygoer, was extremely on the alert, especially by and by the lettersNevertheless, against her better judgement, she was drawn in by the hypnotic charms of this platinum-blonde-haired stranger and felt feeble to resist. His look were bottomless pools of baby blue and he had a passive, peaceful presence she trusted him immediately and completely.She began chatting to him and it dead dawned on her that she was telling her life story to a total stranger but she pushed the thought out of her mind just as quickly as it had surfaced. Besides with his crisp white shirt, soft portion and wide grin, he seemed harmless abundant.Chapter One (2)The sun was playing hide and seek behind the rows of trees as Detective Flynn drove up to the Heaton mansion. He was filled with the giddy excitement of a ma n just about to change his life. He knew how lucky he was to be here and that this case could potentially make or break his career.Flynn was extremely tall and so scrawny one feared he might blow over in a sudden gust of wind. Through the flaming red curtains flopping over his forehead, intense blue eyes peered out inquisitively. As the mansion came into view for the first m he was awestruck. Beyond the work iron gates, it stood large and handsome. It was a huge stone structure with countless windows glinting in the afternoon sun and set in acres of sprawling grounds, of which every inch was flawless. The only thing blemishing this perfect watercolour was the black and yellow police tape running the length of the building.The old rusty cut across Escort coughed and spluttered to a halt in the immaculate courtyard and with an almighty heave Flynn managed to force the access open. As he stepped out gravel crunched beneath his feet. He was dressed in a partner off of old faded M arks and Sparks jeans and looking around, was suddenly pain broady aware of how old and faded they unfeignedly were. He was also regretting the ride out of his wardrobe choice. His slightly off-white shirt had a straight out of the laundry basket look and his black leather loafers hadnt seen a dab of polish sincewell ever.Despite this, John Heaton greeted Flynn with a warm friendly handshake. The two had been at school to constituteher and even though their lives had taken extremely different paths, they had remained the best of friends. As he was being introduced to Heatons wife Claudia, the detective couldnt help but notice how much his friend had changed. A nervous and slightly awkward teenager, John Heaton had become a confident self-assured 35 year-old. He now spoke with the eloquence and poise that only a multi-billionaire could. He was dripping with expensive designer labels a far cry from the washed out tee shirts and baggy jeans of his adolescence. Money oozed out of hi s every pore.One thing, however, had definitely not changed. Observing the dreamy look that descended upon his face as he gazed at his wife, Flynn could tell his old chum was still a sea gull for a pretty girl. And this was one pretty girl 15 years his junior, actress Claudia Gilbert-Heaton was a blonde-haired, blue-eyed beauty. Yet, as she tentatively extended her perfectly manicured hand to shake his, Detective Flynn took an instant disliking to her. Her broad smile was nearly condescending and didnt reach her eyes, which were icy and distant.Im so pleased to finally meet you, she said, looking him up and down, arrant(a) pointedly at the ink stain on his shirt pocket. The disdainful look in her eyes betrayed her words and he could tell she was sooner the opposite. The reason for this, he would soon discoverChapter One (3)It screamed at me. Its waving arms taunted me as they jerked up and down and the smiley face was more of a sneering face. At that moment all I involveed to do was shatter it into a thousand pieces but it was so far away and my legs were still sound asleep. I picked a rolled up sock up off the floor and with all the energy I could muster, sat up and launched it. It hit its intended depot with satisfying thud and mercifully, the screaming desisted.Putting the bright yellow, Little Miss Sunshine alarm time so far out of reach had been a pre-emptive strike by mother against my Sunday daybreak lie-in. Ha, I thought, shell have to think of something better than that I managed the beginnings of a triumphant grin before, listless from my exertions, I slumped onto the lumpy mattress and slid back into a peaceful slumber.Ten minutes later I hear the sprightly purposeful pounding that could only be her bounding up the stairs. She burst through the door, wearing her mechanic cheery smile.Morning love, sleep well? Why arent you up yet, I heard the alarm go off ages ago? she asked, ruffling my unruly brown curls. She consequently marched over to the window, with unnatural liveliness considering the time and stretch out the curtains wide.Oh Mum, its too bright, I mumbled in complaint, raising an arm to shield my bleary eyes from the light. She ignored me.I sometimes think you wouldnt admit an early morning if it came up and bit you on the behind. Now bugger off up, Im sure youve plenty of work to do today and we dont want you falling behind now do we? she chirped, practically, it seemed, in unison with the birds outside.I need sleep, I whined, yearning for some pity. It didnt come.You shouldnt let sleep lay down in the way of things. Heaven knows I dont I cant. What would happen if I did? Nothing would get through with(p) around here thats what she tutted and continued with renewed vigour, Goodness, look at the state of this room Im sure youve disregarded what colour the carpet is This is not a positive working environment. How on earth can you get anything done in here? She asked and without pausing for an answer, d elved into the abyss that was my bedroom floor. She began sorting tidying and organising like an unstoppable whirlwind of efficiency, her neat blonde bob bouncing up and down. I merely lounged on the bed and watched on in amazement. inwardly minutes she had transformed the cluttered chaotic mess into a tidy, orderly bedroom.When she finished, she stood up, brushed some complex number specks of dirt from her skirt and staring at my sprawled out figure, flashed me the look. Oh no, I groaned inwardly. It was the I-am-so-disappointed-you-didnt-turn-out-more-like-me look. This look was always followed by a stream of criticisms, of which most, to be fair, were usually quite accurate. I sighed and braced myself for the oncoming tirade.Literary Analysis of Story Beginning (1)When writing my own story opening, I tried to wasting disease techniques that would make the commentator want to read on.For example, I described the main characters appearance in detail so that the reader would be able to form a mental picture of her. Just from the first few paragraphs, the reader knows that she is a beautiful girl with endless jet black locks and chocolate brown eyes. The effect of this is to make the reader relate to her with empathy rather than objectivity because they feel they know her.I also tried to show her spirit was sweet and kind. Her clothes and shoes are powder-pink and dainty. I also mentioned that she seemed like the happy-go-lucky type. I did this so the reader would like her and be affected by anything that may happen to her.I included her full name Elizabeth Anne Johnson so that the reader would feel like they were getting a complete picture of her. However, for the rest of the opening, I referred to her as Lizzie. This created a bond between the reader and the character because she is Lizzie to her friends so the reader feels like her friend.It is written in the 3rd person narrative so the reader can get a full overview of all the events in the story.The n arrative structure deviates. This creates suspense, as there is no development of the treat in the first paragraph in the rest of the opening.I purposely created a huge blood between the eerie and spooky first paragraph and the rest of the opening, which seems like an ordinary night out, by using varying degrees of character and event description. In the first paragraph I did not use any description at all and just used non-specific terms like she. This was to create enigma and apprehension.In sharp contrast to this, I fully described character and events in the rest of the story. I began with telling the reader her full name so they felt they were being formally introduced. I then went on to describe her appearance, clothes what she is doing tonight she was wearing She had spent all night because I did none of this in the first paragraph.I did however make some links. For example, in the first paragraph, the words angel, uplifting and glowed are used. In the rest of the opening, the words Heaven, fluffy white clouds and euphoria are used. This is to create a link between the two parts of the story and establish an ongoing theme of heaven and the supernatural.I also used a sense of vulnerability to link the two main characters. With the girl in the first paragraph it is obvious. I used carefully chosen vocabulary. She willed her mouthit wouldnt obey shows that she isnt even in reassure of her own body. She fought to against the uplifting forcewas completely at its mercy, her mindsuccumbed to the black cloud that eventually engulfed her. Also the word succumbed is quite passive.However the vulnerability in Lizzies character is subtler. At the end, she is drawn in by the stranger and feels precedentless to resist. This links Lizzie and the girl but also the angel and the stranger because they hold the power in the several(prenominal) relationships.I think the links make the reader want to read on because its like crowing them some pieces of a puzzle. They can see some of the picture so they read on so they can find the rest of it.To create further remainder, the phrase especially after the letters is not explained at any point in the opening, forcing the reader to form their own opinion. The fact that she was extremely cautious especially after the letters makes the letters seem sinister and let the reader know they were a cause for concern. I used ellipsis at the end so show it is an unfinished thought and an unanswered question.I carefully chose vocabulary to foreshadow dramatic events. For example, on top of the world is a well-known phrase, which means in a position of great happiness or success. However I used the phrase perched on top of the world in my story opening. The word perched suggests instability and dubiety so implies that her happiness may be short lived.I also used the progression of time to create effect. The story begins with the girl trying to speak and then finally collapsing she willed her mouth to finish th e sentence but it wouldnt obeysuccumbed to the black cloud that was threatening to engulf her and then goes to a lively vibrant scene. I did this so the scene would seem like a flashback or a dream as we know the main character is unconscious. The strobe lighting in the scene adds to the dream-like quality.I tried to create an motion picture of the setting (the club) being beautiful and pure. I did this by calling it heaven and using description like fluffy white clouds. I then used words like heaving with bodies thundering beats and pounding when describing the people and what they are doing to create a contrast. I did this to imply that clubbing itself is innocent enough but the people make it dangerous.I used alliteration in several places for effect. drab bluish wall emphasises how dull and grey the wall in contrast dazzling white of the angel, to to make it stand out more. In bodies all bouncing to the thundering beat, the b sound is repeated to try and mirror the beat of th e music. I used the phrases bottomless pools of baby blue and passive, peaceful presence because they are quite soft sounds and I wanted to make the stranger seem calm and therefore contrast with the setting, which is electric.I used a metaphor They were puppets dancing to the tune of the headphone-wearing master in the glass booth above because it emphasises the submissive nature of the clubbers and the idea of a person wielding power over someone else. The issue of power is explored in many different parts of the story.I also used repetition. The word seemed is used at the end the last paragraph. She may have seemed like the happy-go-lucky type but appearances can be deceptive and she was quite the opposite and he seemed harmless enough. This is to suggest that just because the stranger seems harmless he may be quite the opposite and to foreshadow him doing something harmful in the future. I put it in italics both times to add emphasis and draw the readers attention to it.In concl usion, I think the techniques I used were effective because there are unanswered questions right at the beginning, which are never answered and this appeals the curiosity of the reader, making them want to read on.

Water Scarcity is a Real Threat Essay Example for Free

body of piddle Scarcity is a Real Threat analyseThe next war ripping across continents may well be triggered by urine scarceness. already a third of the world is suffering from water shortages. Ironic all toldy, pelting has been adequate. The water is there. But what has g 1 cockeyed is its management. Water scarcity in Asia and Australia alone affects a fourth of the worlds population and is triggered by over-usage whereas in Africa, it is lack of adequate infrastructure that wreaks havoc. Water scarcity around the world has come round primarily due to quintessentially wasteful practices that befuddle seeped into present-day agriculture which sadly mops up 80% of wise(p) water. Over the past 100 years, water usage has gone up by six generation globally, and is threatening to double again by the year 2050, driven mainly by demands of irrigation and increased inelegant activities. Current methods of irrigation will have to be urgently revisited and to a greater extent economic means reinvented. Problems of water scarcity can best be addressed by better efficiency in its utilisation, recycling, pricing of water (and the electricity employ for lifting and conveying the water) where not already in vogue, transportation with erupt losses, leaks and pilferage, and through education of the perils of the dangers to all humanity that is presently straining at the tethers due to the current reckless abandon with which it has been mismanaged.Interestingly inscrutable nations like Australia argon not immune to water scarcity. An urban Australian on the average trashes ccc litres of water daily and the European notches 200 litres, while the sub-Saharan African makes do with less than 20 litres a day. On the other side, one never ceases to marvel at Israel, which has truly mastered the graphics and science of water and its sustainable utilisation, saving and augmentation. For a country that receives a best average rainfall of about 700 mm annually (in the Zefat region in the northern mountainous terrain), its agricultural productivity puts to ruth any other agricultural economy. Here, efficiency of farm production is calibrated against water practised for irrigation and a deterrent placed on its wastage. With agriculture macrocosm the main culprit for abysmal water scarcity, one should look up to advances in genetic engineering that has notched a few successes in modify this acute paucity of water by suitably altering the plants architecture, reduced desire for water through modifications of internal anatomy and adjustments of crop physiology, besides enabling plants to survive and succeed in saline, salty and harsh environments.Improving the efficiency of agricultural production and water use be total to any blueprint for a sustainable and equitable growth. The Murray-Darling that runs through Australian agricultural heartland has been steadily receding, triggered in part by an unprecedented string of droughts and exasperate d by incessant siphoning for irrigation purposes. The Mekong, running through Laos, Cambodia, Thailand and Vietnam is several(prenominal) other startling example of how a once life-sustaining force could threaten the very communities that it once helped undercoat and nurture. Nearer at home the muffled rumblings that one hears from time to time in some high-fluted home(a) seminar where the wind bags wax eloquently of the virtues of linking rivers to ward off a cataclysmic disaster in the qualification is all hog wash. The idea of linking rivers is a dated notion, tracing its origins to Sir Arthur Cotton in the 19th century. alike to Captain Dasturs Garland Canal, Dr K L Raos proposal of a Ganga-Cauvery connection was another idea that was just as handsomely popular as it was ridiculously impracticalRaos plan envisaged the link to take off near Patna, pass through the basins of the Sone, Narmada, Tapi, Godavari, Krishna and Pennar rivers before joining the Cauvery upstream of th e Grand Anicut. Traversing 2,640 km, 60,000 cusecs of water were to be drawn from the flood flows of the Ganges for 150 days in the year. A substantial part of that water was to be lifted over 450 metres. The scheme was abandoned for its huge financial costs and large energy requirements, besides the colossal misery that it would have wreaked on hapless hamlets and populations of plurality in the millions along the trail of this grandiose link. Techno-economic viability apart, diversion of waters from the Ganges would have unfailingly embroil India in an international dispute with neighbouring Bangladesh for such a flagrant violation.Based on environmental squeeze assessments, multi-criteria cost/benefit analyses, qualitative assessments of non-quantifiable considerations and rigorous investment appraisals, the National Commission on Integrated Water Resources Development Plan summarily rejected all but one of the river-linking proposals with the conclusion that the the assesse d needs of the basins could be met from full development and efficient utilisation of intra-basin resources except in the case of Cauvery and Vaigai basins. A PIL filed in the compulsory Court in 2002 elicited a direction to accelerate the linking of rivers by the learned judiciary. Debatable as the propriety of judicial directions on such a subject might be, the process brought to the fore a staggering revelation of cost of the order of Rs. 5,60,000 crore, according to one estimate As a country, we patently dont enjoy that kind of a luxury. Instead of frittering away our limited resources on such grandiose schemes, wed do well to channel our energies on micro- see to its that collectively aim at conservation of water and promote its sustainable use through judicious management.The success of rain-water harvesting schemes in some of our states and the resultant improvement of ground water is a case in point. Likewise, the de-silting and strengthening of temple tanks and alliance water bodies ought to be practiced beyond symbolic gestures of photo-ops for the politically inclined. Polluting users of water sources need to be provided alternate, technology-driven solutions and move intransigence must attract severe penalties under the law. Populist measures of providing free use of electricity and water for agriculture must be weaned down and agricultural productivity must reflect efficient use of energy and water inputs. Water shortage hinders total sanitation project Though 50% of village panchayats have achieved 100% total sanitation and got the Nirmal Puraskar tag, defecation in the open still continues and is more evident in the plains field of views of the district.According to total sanitation project officer Taranath, 65 village panchayats out of 226 have received this award from the Union government and panchayats with a population of 5,000 and above got Rs 5 lakh and panchayats below 5,000 got Rs 2 lakh cash awards with citations. He tell 35 panc hayats are ready to compass this award as they have fulfilled all the required parameters. When TOI visited some village panchayats in the plains, the toilets constructed were being used for some other purpose and families still prefer defecating in the open. In many houses, toilets have been converted into small godowns to store agricultural seeds, manure or other materials. When asked why they werent being used for the original purpose, they attributed this to water scarcity.Many said they arent getting enough drinking water for domestic use itself. In Malnad region, this programme has gathered momentum and some villages have been achieved 100% total sanitation. Sringeri and Narasimharajapura taluk in this area have been declared total sanitation taluks. Koppa taluk is just short of three panchayats to get this prestigious tag. The project was started in 2005 and so far 1,44,808 families have shown interest in constructing their own toilets in the backyard but 1,33,362 families a re yet to get converted to this idea. For BPL families, the government gives Rs.3,500 as subsidy to construct toilets but even these families are not ready to have their own toilets.Water scarcity affects business of 60% Indian companies An consuming majority of Indian companies consider water scarcity an increasing business risk, prompting them to conserve the commodity, a survey has revealed. As many as 83% respondents identified inadequate availability of water as a major risk to their business, in a survey of 27 major industrial sectors conducted by the US-based Columbia Water Center in association with industry lobby FICCI. While 60% respondents said inadequate availability of water was already impacting their business, 87% said the scarcity would impact their business 10 years down the line.