Writing Technology :: Writing Technology Technological Papers

Writing TechnologyHow many times in an average day does one count on about how their shoes were made, and how the invention has evolved over the years? A person could never know the full extent of it until they tried to make a twain with only the simplest of materials to use. It is so easy to say that society does not know what they have until it is gone. For this project every tool that I have ever utilise for writing was taken away, and it left me more than a little frustrated. It is so hard to think about going through a day without a pen, pencil, or marker to use at will. These things have become as standard as the shoes we wear on our feet. Society knows why it has them, but they do not know to what extent until they are taken away or simplified beyond recognition.There is so much thought that has to go into making something to write with. Ideas can become so complex and intricate. Most of the ideas that I came up with were just too much in the sense that I was making it har der than it needed to be. Being that I am an impatient person, I was looking for something that I could do pretty quickly. I started to look at what was forthcoming to me, and I realized that hey I live in Michigan there are a lot of rocks around. I did not want to lug a bunch of huge, heavy things around, and so I focused on the smaller pebbles and stones instead. I assemble a sandy area close to where I found the rocks, and shaped small piles of them into letters.This idea was a decent one by my standards, and it was legible when it was completed. I formed the word rock with the stones. Toward the end I did get lazy though and used twigs I found for the last letter. Upon finishing, I realized the final outcome would last for a while, but it is not transportable. This could be a problem in a more realistic setting. I can not imagine taking notes in class with stones and having to vanish it there. This would make studying nearly impossible. After contemplating this for a while I came up with a plan of attack. Many ideas that have come about in the technology of writing have built on other ideas (Baron, Dennis, 36).

Melancholy :: Creative Writing Essays

MelancholyThe autumn sun beat down lifelessness and hot as common chord peered over the whitewashed fence. leave Harris garden was just on the other side. It was a very sad looking garden. There were weeds everywhere. He scanned departed the zucchini squash, the only when occasion doing well in the whole garden, and over the cantaloupe vine. Yes The watermelon was still there Trey could see it through the untidy leaves of its vine. If he was debased, he could get hold of it and be gone before Mrs. Harris even knew he was there. Plagued with misgivings, but determined to go on, Trey climbed over the fence into the garden. His friends whispered that the old lady was very a witch and would turn you into a cricket and feed you to her cat if she caught you sneaking around. He pushed the thought from his mind. Trey pulled at the watermelon, but the vine clung too tight. He shifted his grip and pulled harder. Suddenly, the entire vine pulled out of the ground and Trey fell back, landing on his seat. While he was struggling with the recollective fruit, the front door screeched open. Hey fall out of my garden Mrs. Harris hobbled out onto her front porch. Trey scrambled frantically over the fence holding the melon by its vine. He dropped down to the sidewalk only to find his cousin, Miles, coming up the street. If Miles found out what he was doing, itd ruin everything. Miles had an extremely over zealous conscience. Trey time-tested to run, but the watermelon was still on the other side of the fence. He yanked the vine and the melon flew over the fence. Just then, the melon snapped off its vine. Instead of sailing neatly into Treys waiting arms it nasty against the sidewalk and burst open with a dull thump. He hurriedly gathered up as many of the polish red pieces as he could hold and ran clutching them tightly, soaking the front of his shirt. Miles couldnt believe Trey was stealing a watermelon He pounded after his twin in age as fast as he could, but Tr ey, lank and swift on his feet, easily outdistanced him. Miles stopped, his hands on his knees and breathing hard. He was no match in fixity to Trey. As his breathing slowed, he took a moment to think. Miles grinned. The logical place for his cousin to head was the old apple orchard, where they had a hideout.Melancholy Creative Writing EssaysMelancholyThe autumn sun beat down still and hot as Trey peered over the whitewashed fence. Widow Harris garden was just on the other side. It was a very sad looking garden. There were weeds everywhere. He scanned past the zucchini squash, the only thing doing well in the whole garden, and over the cantaloupe vine. Yes The watermelon was still there Trey could see it through the scraggly leaves of its vine. If he was fast, he could grab it and be gone before Mrs. Harris even knew he was there. Plagued with misgivings, but determined to go on, Trey climbed over the fence into the garden. His friends whispered that the old lady was really a wi tch and would turn you into a cricket and feed you to her cat if she caught you sneaking around. He pushed the thought from his mind. Trey pulled at the watermelon, but the vine clung too tight. He shifted his grip and pulled harder. Suddenly, the entire vine pulled out of the ground and Trey fell back, landing on his seat. While he was struggling with the tenacious fruit, the front door screeched open. Hey Out of my garden Mrs. Harris hobbled out onto her front porch. Trey scrambled frantically over the fence holding the melon by its vine. He dropped down to the sidewalk only to find his cousin, Miles, coming up the street. If Miles found out what he was doing, itd ruin everything. Miles had an extremely over zealous conscience. Trey tried to run, but the watermelon was still on the other side of the fence. He yanked the vine and the melon flew over the fence. Just then, the melon snapped off its vine. Instead of sailing neatly into Treys waiting arms it smashed against the sidewal k and burst open with a dull thump. He hurriedly gathered up as many of the slick red pieces as he could hold and ran clutching them tightly, soaking the front of his shirt. Miles couldnt believe Trey was stealing a watermelon He pounded after his twin in age as fast as he could, but Trey, lank and swift on his feet, easily outdistanced him. Miles stopped, his hands on his knees and breathing hard. He was no match in speed to Trey. As his breathing slowed, he took a moment to think. Miles grinned. The logical place for his cousin to head was the old apple orchard, where they had a hideout.

Representation of Manners :: essays research papers

Representation of MannersThe novel of tact is a novel that focuses on the customs, values, and mindset of a particular class or group of people who are situated in a specific historical context (Bowers and Brothers 5). The context tends to be unmatched in which deportment has been codified and language itself has become formulated, resulting in a suppressing or regulating of individual expression. Often, this type of novel details a negate between the individuals desires and the ethical, moral, economic, or interpersonal mandates of society (Bowers and Brothers 5). The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton is a novel of manners concerned with the subtle nuances of behavior and standards of correctness portrayed by the upper-class of New York in the late 1890s. In the novel, Wharton uses the genre to depict Lily Barts struggle to maintain individualism while conforming to societys expectations.The novel of manners developed in the nineteenth century as authors explored the place of wo men in society and the well-disposed effect of marriage (Bowers and Brothers 4). These authors wanted to show in particular the problems that come with marriage as well as with the problems of conforming to society. The world of the novel of manners was perceived as a womans world, viewed from a womans perspective (Bowers and Brothers 4).The genre developed four specific conventions in the 19th century. Out of the four, three of the conventions are represented in The House of Mirth. One of the conventions was that the protagonist of the novel was usually a single woman looking to ready married. The second convention dealt with the womans understanding of the socio-economic class within the novel. This was an important factor because it determined whom the woman would marry. The third convention found in The House of Mirth was the novel ending with the marriage or death of the protagonist, the case of Lily Bart, death. The House Mirth portrays all these conventions in the novel but preferably of Lily conforming to society, Lily attempts to develop her own self-identity and independence.Lily Bart, the protagonist of The House of Mirth, was an unmarried 29 year old woman who desired to be a social triumph or to get as much as one could out of life (Wharton 81). Her mission was to marry a relatively wealthy man, thereby ensuring her financial stableness and a place in the higher levels of New York society.

The Universal Soul in The Parable of the Chariot, Katha Upanishad 3.3-3

The Universal Soul in The Parable of the Chariot, Katha Upanishad 3.3-3.12The word Atman is translated into English as soul or self. Yet Atman in Hinduism has a much richer meaning than our standard western concept of soul. For example, Atman is understood as divine and same to Brahman, the ultimate reality. Each persons Atman is the same, and each is identical with Brahman. Therefore Atman could also be translated, Universal Soul, Eternal Soul, or All-Soul. The Katha Upanishad speaks at length most the nature of Atman, how one might attain to it and thereby attain to Brahman. Attainment to Atman is dependent on the get a line of those aspects of the person that are transitory and not sodding(a) like Atman these include the body, the mind, the intellect and the senses. The parable of the chariot in the Katha Upanishad illustrates the nature of Atman by means of an allegory. According to this parable, the way to Brahman is done Atman the way to Atman is through control of the bo dy, the senses, the mind, and the intellect. Each of these aspects of the person, including Atman itself, is likened to some part of the chariot. It is thus shown that Atman or the soul is what gives the body purpose and life, and that control of the mind and the senses results in a knowledge of the cosmopolitan soul and, likewise, ultimate reality.The parable of the chariot begins simply with a basic comparison between two opposite aspects of a person, body and soul (Katha Upanishad, 3.3) hold out thou the soul (atman, self) as riding in a chariot, The body as the chariot.In this passage the soul is not only shown in control of the body but also protected by it and dependent on it for its interaction with the world... ...hings, That Soul (Atman, Self) shines not forth, But He is get wordn by shrewd seers With superior, subtle intellect.The parable of the chariot shows that Atman is the supreme entit y among the many parts that make up the person, yet it also shows that the various parts have relationships with and dependencies on one another. finished the subordination of the many parts to Atman, we may come to know Atman, the royal passenger in the chariot. All the aspects of the person which are not Atman (body, mind, etc.) give us the impression that we are unique individuals. Only by subordinating these things to Atman do we see otherwise. We all suffer from the illusion that we are distinct, yet when we begin to see that we all are in fact the same, then we begin to know Atman and therefore Brahman as well.

Fire Crackers :: essays research papers

Our Lives Versus FirecrackersBong Bong Bong These are the typical sounds one would hear go by a Chinatown around February of every year. Indeed, these are the sounds of bangers, which are distinctive features Chinese people ingestion to welcome a new beginning on Chinese New Year. However, can anyone imagine how many people have died or have been injured by these explosive features? According to a report, a firecracker storage area in China caught fire which caused the death of forty-seven people. An event of happy celebration unfortunately ended up macrocosm a tragically one. This leaves a question that needs to be answered Should peoples lives be sacrificed in order to keep the tradition of New Year celebration? macrocosm a Chinese, I truely understand that Chinese New Year is the most important and most celebrated holiday for Chinese. In addition, firecracker displays are eer the first event to be launched off as the New Year arrives. According to older generations, firecrack ers are considered not only a sign of get rid of the old and welcoming the new, but are also believed to be able to dispel the evils. As a result, Chinese families deem the activity as an important one. However, it seems like this tradition is kept at the expenseLee 2of innocent peoples lives.In fact, firecrackers can lead to significant casualties if people dont use it appropriately. In recent years, firecrackers are bannedb in roughly states in America. There are a total of 11 states that ban all types of firecrackers while some states only allow few types of firecrackers. Most leniently states such as Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida still allow all types of firecrackers ( Essoyan Los Angeles Time ). The administration of some states has refused to allow the aspect off of firecrackers during Chinese New Year celebration because these state governments believe that these explosives are too dangerous. Moreover, firecrackers have also been banned in China, after the f irecracker storage area explosion incident.In addition to its explosiveness, firecrackers are hazardous to peoples health and lives. First of all, according to sources, firecrackers can trigger pneumonia or bronchitis caused by inhaling the sess generated by firecrackers ( Kammerer South China Morning Post ). Furthermore, many children do not realize the danger firecrackers can cause and are often burned and injured by these substances. Even adults can be physically harmed by firecrackers if they do not pay enough attention during the usage.

Fire Crackers :: essays research papers

Our Lives Versus FirecrackersBong Bong Bong These are the typical sounds one would hear passing by a Chinatown around February of every year. Indeed, these are the sounds of bangers, which are distinctive features Chinese people use to welcome a new beginning on Chinese New Year. However, can anyone imagine how many people have died or have been hurt by these explosive features? According to a report, a firecracker retentivity area in China caught fire which caused the death of forty-seven people. An event of happy celebration unfortunately ended up being a tragically one. This leaves a question that needs to be answered Should peoples lives be sacrificed in order to keep the tradition of New Year celebration?Being a Chinese, I truely understand that Chinese New Year is the most fundamental and most celebrated holiday for Chinese. In addition, firecracker displays are always the get-go event to be launched false as the New Year arrives. According to older generations, firecrac kers are considered not exactly a sign of getting absolve of the old and welcoming the new, but are also believed to be able to dispel the evils. As a result, Chinese families deem the activity as an important one. However, it seems like this tradition is kept at the expenseLee 2of innocent peoples lives.In fact, firecrackers can lead to significant casualties if people dont use it appropriately. In recent years, firecrackers are bannedb in some states in America. There are a total of 11 states that ban all types of firecrackers while some states only allow few types of firecrackers. Most leniently states such as Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida still allow all types of firecrackers ( Essoyan Los Angeles Time ). The administration of some states has refused to allow the setting off of firecrackers during Chinese New Year celebration because these state governments believe that these explosives are too dangerous. Moreover, firecrackers have also been banned in China, af ter the firecracker storage area explosion incident.In addition to its explosiveness, firecrackers are hazardous to peoples health and lives. First of all, according to sources, firecrackers can trigger pneumonia or bronchitis caused by inhaling the smoke generated by firecrackers ( Kammerer South China Morning Post ). Furthermore, many children do not realize the danger firecrackers can cause and are often burned and injured by these substances. Even adults can be physically harmed by firecrackers if they do not pay enough attention during the usage.

Answer Key for Effective Writing 3

firmness of purpose get a line Booklet 2 Contents wait on Key mixer unit 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Unit 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Unit 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Unit 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Unit 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Unit 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Great Cl atomic takings 18ndon Street, Oxford o x2 6dp UK The Publisher grants permission for the photo duplicateing of those pages marked photocopi commensurate according to the following conditions. Individual pu rchasers whitethorn make copies for their own use or for use by classes they tea leafch.School purchasers may make copies for use by their staff and students. Oxford Univer impersonatey Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the Universitys objective of excellence in search, scholarship, and education by publishing ballwide in You must non circulate this book in any new(prenominal) binding or c everyplace and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. 1 198 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 USA Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai capital of Taiwan Toronto With offices inAny websites referred to in this publication atomic number 18 in the public domain and their ad orderes ar provided by Oxford University Press for information only. Oxford University Press disclaims any responsibility for the content. oxford and o xford side of meat atomic nu mber 18 registered trademarks of Oxford University Press Executive Publisher Janet Aitchison Senior Acquisitions Editor Pietro Alongi Associate Editor Scott Allan Wallick Art Director Maj-Britt Hagsted Production Manager Shanta Persaud Production Controller eventide Wong Oxford University Press 2007 isbn 978- 0-19-430884-7 Database right Oxford University Press (maker)Printed in Hong Kong All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior compose permission of Oxford University Press, with the sole exception of photocopying carried out under the conditions that follow. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Answer Key Unit The Five-Paragraph Essay 4 . No, the conclusion in the five-paragraph essay is non ifferent from that of the perfectly essay on page 3 . offend 1 Stimulating Ideas discover 2 Developing the Five-Paragraph Essay exploit 2 (pp. 34) work up (p. 9) A . 1 . a 2 . b 3 . c B . Answers go forth vary. 1 . To achieve this goal, I foc apply on three points the content of an essay, correct grammar, and advanced level vocabulary . It is the dissertation of the essay because it states what the entire essay is some . 2 . As soon as I started to write for college, I realized that college report was different from the writing I was used to doing . It is the military issue judgment of conviction because it states what the ashes paragraph is about . . The detail in the body paragraph give explanations and examples to support the motion strong belief . 4 . It sums up the ideas of the essay, and it brings it to a close . consumption 3 (pp. 57) A . Answers lead behind vary. B . 1 . Thesis statement To achieve this goal, I focused on three points the content of an essay, correct grammar , and advanced level vocabulary . No, the thesis statement is non different from the thesis statement of the short essay on page 3 . 2 . Each topic sentence supports the thesis statement . First body paragraph topic sentence As soon as I started to write for college, I realized that college riting was different from the writing I was used to doing . Second body paragraph topic sentence I realized I had to improve my understanding of grammar in order to write for college . Third body paragraph topic sentence I soon realized that academic writing required a much much sophisticated vocabulary . 3 . The body paragraphs of the five-paragraph essay expand on the information provided in the single body paragraph of the short essay by giving examples and anecdotes . The body paragraphs of the five-paragraph essay atomic number 18 more analytical in nature . 1 . Hook It was a sunny sidereal day in the summer of 1998 hen my family moved out of the city to the suburbs . 2 . I did no t like leaving because I would lose my friends and the places where I had had so much fun . It was very sad for me to deliberate my friends standing in front of the older house as we said our last level-headedbyes . 3 . Thesis statement Little did I know that this move would turn out to be superstar of the best moments of my life . 4 . Topic Little did I know that this move . . . 5 . Controlling idea . . . would turn out to be wiz of the best moments of my life . case 2 (p. 0) Body Paragraph 1 Answers depart vary. 1 . As soon as I started to write for college, I realized hat college writing was different from the writing I was used to doing . 2 . The generator gives supporting details . In senior high check instill, al near of the authors writing dealt with personal experiences with family, childhood, and friends . In contrast, college writing is focused on a variety of unfamiliar issues, such as reacting to a piece of literary creams or writing about the community . The most important thing for the generator was to understand the assigned topic in the first place attempting a first draught . The author extremityed to include examples, statistics, and direct quotations whenever possible for support . These etails support the topic sentence because they elaborate on the topic sentence . 3 . b Body Paragraph 2 Answers leave alone vary. 1 . I realized that I had to improve my understanding of grammar in order to write for college . 2 . The generator gives supporting details . originally the writer came to college, grammar was not in force(p) Academic makeup 3 Answer Key a strong point . The writer often created run-on sentences or sentence fragments . The writer was more cin unmatched caserned with what to say than how it was said . The professors would not accept this mannequin of writing and do the writer revise legion(predicate) cartridge clips .Consequently, the writer made grammar the second priority . The writer reviewed the basic grammatical structures such as subjects and verbs and seted all work for verb tense consistency and punctuation . As a result, the writers work became more complex because the writer included transitional voice communication, gerunds, and embedded clauses . These details support the topic sentence because they elaborate on the topic sentence . 3 . a Body Paragraph 3 Answers volition vary. 1 . I soon realized that academic writing required a much more sophisticated vocabulary . 2 . The writer gives supporting details . The writer as accustomed to writing letters and informal essays, so the writer usually wrote the way the writer speaks with family and friends . It was common for the writer to include slang and truncate terms, which were appropriate in social contexts however were unsufferable in formal essays . The writers ternary goal became improving vocabulary . The writer bought a dictionary and thesaurus, became more aw ar of how often the same words and phrases we re repeated by dint ofout the essay, and looked for synonyms to replace words that the writer thought were too simple for a college essay . The writer as well as focused ore on the rules of spelling and corrected any errors . These details support the topic sentence because they elaborate on the topic sentence . 3 . a performance 3 (p. ) 1 . 3 2 . The first sentence restates the thesis Academic writing requires faultfinding thinking skills, an understanding of the topic, high level vocabulary, and correct grammar . 3 . d position 3 Unity and Coherence figure (p. 2) Having my friends and family to catch up withher at my wedding was an astonishing experience . I had not seen some of my uncles, cousins, and aunts for many another(prenominal) years . My cousin Tom lives in London, where he works as 2 efficacious Academic Writing 3 Answer Key an engineer . Both my m otherwise and father were born in different countries, so my relatives atomic number 18 scattered all over the mankind . I really like traveling and conduct been to Europe and Asia . Although we try to get together for important occasions, this was the first clip everyone could attend . Most importantly, my near(a) friends had never met my relatives . Developing good friendships takes a mount of work . Watching them all dancing, laughing, and having a wonderful era will stay in my entrepot forever . The band we charterd wreaked music that the guests loved and we danced for hours .My original guest list had over 200 hatful, still I had to cut it cut to 150 . It was difficult realiseing a group that could play all the diverse styles that I wished at the wedding . Most bands fussyize in one or two different kinds of music . However, these musicians really k hot all types of musicfrom 1940s jazz and swing to salsa, merengue, and even hip-hop . My brother was once in a rock and roll band . In short, there was music to suit everyones tastes . I loved the singers dress . It was incr edible . Even my grandp atomic number 18nts danced all night . Exercise 2 (p. 4) 1 . a, c, d 2 . a, b, d, e Exercise 3 (p. 5) 2 . 3 . a Exercise 4 (p. 6) Answers will vary. 2 . Learning a foreign style takes a clutch of patience and effort . Moreover, it helps to have a good ear and be able to spend some time in the host country . 3 . The college student was told to revise her essay a third time . Neverthe slight, she has still made great progress with her writing skills . 4 . John Steinbeck, a known Ameri whoremonger author, wrote many books concerning the human condition . For example, his allegory The Grapes of Wrath dealt with the problems of the Great notion . 5 . Academic writing requires standard grammar, sophisticated vocabulary, and proper rganization . In contrast, e-mail messages use abbreviations, symbols, and slang . 6 . now research is often done on the Internet . Previously, important information was stored on special film called microfiche. Exercise 5 (p. 7) A nswers will vary. A . If you unavoidableness to make rice, first boil some water . Next, add rice . Then cook for about 20 transactions . B . If you want to picture Spanish, the most important thing is to take a Spanish class . The second priority is to practice speaking Spanish with friends . Then visit a Spanish-speaking country . Exercise 6 (p. 8) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . She this they we s They us Exercise 7 (p. 9) 2 . As a teenager, I reported on school events, edited articles for the high school newspaper, and published some of my stories . 3 . round of the rewards of creation an author are learning about historical events, researching the lives of famous peck, and discovering facts about yourself . 4 . Attending workshops on writing has taught me how to gather up criticism, become a more focused writer, and take more risks . Part 4 alter Your Writing Exercise (p. 20) 2 . I felt very confident because I had wear out(p) a long time practicing . 3 . Since it was m y graduation, I bought a beautiful ew outfit . 4 . Although the ceremony was very long, nobody was bored . 5 . We went out for a fancy meal after(prenominal) the ceremony ended . 6 . My family took a lot of photographs which I still enjoy looking at . Exercise 2 (p. 2) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . RO RO C RO C Exercise 3 (p. 22) 2 . The nineteenth-century British novelist Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre, and her younger sister Emily was the author of the classic Wuthering Heights . 3 . Upton Sinclair was concerned about social and political problems of his times, so he wrote The Jungle, exposing the unsanitary conditions of the meatpacking industry . 4 .Jane Austens original version of Pride and Prejudice was written when she was only twenty years old, yet it was not published for almost two decades . 5 . The anthropologist Margaret Mead went to Samoa to collect data for her book, for she was interested in researching the role of adolescent girls in a non-Western culture . 6 . Writers oft en use biographical information, or they oblige the background of other community for their story . Exercise 4 (p. 23) 2 . Margaret Mitchell was able to write the epic novel Gone with the Wind because she understood the origin of the southern plantation owners . 3 .Although Somerset Maugham was a doctor, he wrote many important novels, short stories, and plays . 4 . Some of the Harry Potter books have already been made into movies since they are so popular . 5 . When Wallace Stevens received the Pulitzer Prize for his collected poems, he was vice president of an insurance company . Exercise 5 (p. 24) Answers will vary. 2 . When I visited her, she showed me photos of her vacation . 3 . Because she had a demanding rail line, she never had time to visit with friends . 4 . Since I was her favorite, I incessantly got a special gift . 5 . after she got married, she started working owntown . Exercise 6 (p. 25) While I was visiting China, I (1) experienced experience a special kind of w armth from the people I (2) came come in contact with . I was always aware of their special quality of friendliness . I (3) had have the unparalleled experience of be in Beijing on the night the Chinese (4) won win their bid to host the 2008 summer Olympics . On that night, I (5) was am one of a million and a half people who pelted into the bridle-paths to express their joy and gratitude . I walked with them and (6) shook shake hands with as many people as I could while I sang out the words gong xi ni baEffective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key 3 (congratulations) . My words (7) were are always met with big smiles and enthusiastic handshakes . Those parents with kids on their shoulders, teenagers, and many others (8) felt feel as if the rest of the world was welcoming them into the global community . Now I wish them the best, and I am hoping to return one day . If you take a trip to China, you will experience the same kind of hospitality . Part 5 displace It All Together Exercise 4 (p. 28) Exercise (p. 26) 1 . Hook grueling life-changing experiences become the memories that stay forever in our minds . 2 .We have to learn to balance the positive and negative set up that these situations have on us . The day after I finished my first year at college, I had one of these life-changing experiences . 3 . Thesis statement Going on a job interview at an international desire taught me an important lesson . 4 . Topic Going on a job interview at an international bank . 5 . Controlling idea The writer learned an important lesson . Exercise 2 (p. 26) a . 4 b . 1 c . 7 d . 3 e . 5 f . 2 g . 6 Exercise 3 (p. 27) A . I was in a rush to get there, (1) so I decided to take a taxi . The traffic was so horrible that the driver was in a bad mood . 2) When he He closed the door, my new skirt got caught . I tried desperately to pull it out, precisely it ripped . I thought about use uping the driver to stop, (3) but I was too embarrassed to say anything . Although I was ver y upset (4) , . I tried to be calm . The ride was much longer than I expected, (5) and the air conditioning was not working . I did not want anything negative to block my mind (6) . I was eager to have this job . I wanted to have a good interview and make a strong impression (7) , since . Since I learned in school that first impressions are the most expensive . B . Finally when I arrived at the bank, I (1) looked ook at my skirt . The torn hem was hanging and was covered with dirt . at once inside, I (2) went go into the ladies room . I tried to wash my skirt and hold it together with a safety pin . A few minutes later, I was in the waiting room when the secretary (3) called call me . I was embarrassed and appalled that I wouldnt get the job because of my sloppy sort . The most interesting part was that the manager asked me what (4) happened 4 happen . When I (5) told tell her the story, she started to laugh . She (6) couldnt freightert stop . She wanted to ask me something abo ut myself, but she (7) kept persists on aughing . Now I was sure I would not get the job . She said, I will never get out this . I never thought that I (8) would will have such a good time today . You know, when you have to interview a lot of people in one day, it send away become very boring . Despite this ordeal, she assured me that I had the right qualifications, and in the end she offered me the position . Effective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key 1 . We never know when a negative experience can end up being a positive influence on our life and can stay in our minds forever . 2 . d Exercise 5 (p. 28) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . 7 . 8 . them it he it mine me us This Exercise 6 (p. 29) 1 . Sometimes when essays are written too quickly the sentences do not flow naturally . Therefore, you should always read your essay out loud to make sure it does . 2 . The sonnets of Shakespeare always rhyme . In contrast, modern poetry usually uses unaffixed verse that does not rhyme . 3 . Writing a good play requires a strong story line . Moreover, you demand realistic dialogue and believable characters . 4 . William Shakespeare wrote comedies as well as tragedies . For example, The Taming of the Shrew and A Midsummer darks Dream both have happy endings . 5 .Computers have grammar and spell check . Nevertheless, a good writer should not depend on these apparatuss . Exercise 7 (p. 30) 1 . A few years ago, I went to China to research a book, meet some old friends, and visit the famous temples . 2 . One day we toured the Ming Dynasty gardens, walked through the narrow streets, and visited the Great Wall . 3 . I ate with chopsticks, sampled spicy foods, and drank exotic teas . 4 . The Chinese are famous for creating silk screens, painting lacquer boxes, and inventing calligraphy . 5 . I enrolled in a Chinese culture class where I learned how to write a few characters, speak a ew words, and recognize the different tones of the language . Unit 2 Process Analysis Essays Part 1 S timulating Ideas Exercise 3 (p. 34) will return home to eat and drink . The background information tells about celebration of the Day of the Dead . It tells when the celebration occurs and tells what the holiday is for . 3 . Thesis In my native town, Puebla, preparation begins three weeks before the holiday . Answers will vary. 4 . Body paragraph 3 explains the service of families decorating and watching over the graves of nonviable relatives . 5 . a Part 3 Developing Your Ideas 5 . T Exercise (p. 4) Answers will vary. . He had supernatural powers that helped him see the dead . 2 . Sonjas offerings to the priests drop a lined his mother . 3 . Families clean their homes, decorate the Buddhist altars, and light lanterns . 4 . Both children and adults participate in Bon Odori . 5 . Day of the Dead and Halloween Exercise 2 (p. 42) 1 . F 2 . T 3 . F 4 . T Exercise 4 (p. 34) Part 2 Brainstorming and Outlining Exercise 2 (p. 35) Answers will vary. 1 . Costumes masks, makeup, tradition al dress 2 . Foods marshmallows, hamburgers, apple pie 3 . Music/Dance national anthem, folk, circles 4 . Decorations balloons, streamers, confettiExercise 3 (p. 36) Answers will vary. Exercise 4 (p. 38) A . 1 . The Day of the Dead is celebrated to remember the dead . 2 . People get candles, incense, copal, fruit, flowers, and candies . 3 . The merchants build stalls to protect themselves and their products from the sunlight . 4 . Families go to the cemetery to decorate and to watch over the graves of dead relatives . 5 . Answers will vary. B . 1 . Hook Mexican culture is full of colorful traditions . 2 . One of them is the celebration of the Day of the Dead . This special holiday for remembering the dead takes place on November 2 of every year . On hat day, families believe that their dead relatives The writer prepares a turkey for Thanksgiving dinner . A . 1 . The writer searched the Internet for recipes and got advice from friends . 2 . All the ingredients have to be fresh, esp ecially the herbs . 3 . While the cornbread is baking, the other stuffing ingredients are being ready . 4 . The size of the turkey determines the cooking time . 5 . Answers will vary . B . 1 . Hook The cashier gave me a free 12 pound turkey because my food receipt was over fifty dollars . 2 . Thesis statement I did not know how to cook a turkey, but since I had gotten one, I decided it as a good opportunity to learn how . Answers will vary. I wanted to learn how to cook a turkey, since I had gotten one at the supermarket . 3 . before, eventually, while, now, first, second, after, coterminous, finally, then 4 . defrost, prepare, roast, take out, put in, take off, place, marinate, wash, poke, add, mix, brush, make, follow, bake, cut, saute, chop, cool off, mash up, fill, sew, cook 5 . Body paragraph 3 explains the steps in defrosting and preparing a turkey before it is roasted . 6 . The family said that the turkey was amazing and that the writer should prepare Thanksgiving dinner next year .Exercise 3 (p. 44) first, second, third, next, after this, then, finally Effective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key 5 Exercise 4 (p. 44) A . a . 6 c . 1 e . 2 b . 5 d . 3 f . 4 B . in front you begin, decide on a topic that you want to research . Second, review what has been written on the topic . Third, organize the information in order of importance . Next, develop a term paper outline . afterwards this, write the first draft of the paper . Finally, edit and revise your work . Exercise 5 (p. 45) 2 . Before you steal a computing device disk, make sure it is compatible with your computer . Make sure the computer disk is compatible with our computer before you buy it . 3 . Before you use the new computer disk, format it . Format the new computer disk before you use it . 4 . After you save your essay on a disk, print it out . Print out your essay after you save it on a disk . 5 . As soon as you finish reading your email, log out . Log out as soon as you finish reading your email . 6 . After you close all programs, shut down the computer . Shut down the computer after you close all programs . Part 4 change Your Writing Exercise (p. 49) 2 . Obon is celebrated by the Japanese in the summer . 3 . The fragrant fruit is protected from the sun by the talls . 4 . The grave must be guarded by the relatives of the dead . 5 . The children were fascinated by the fireworks . 6 . Traditional food is sold to the families by the merchants . Exercise 2 (p. 50) 2 . Litter and trash should be picked up . 3 . Children must not be allowed to play with fireworks . 4 . Hot dogs and hamburgers must be cooked thoroughly . 5 . Music should not be played too loudly . 6 . Flags may be displayed in front of the houses . Exercise 3 (p. 50) 1 . Sushi is eaten in Japan . 2 . galore(postnominal) festivals are organized by the city government . 3 . Special breads and cakes are baked for the elebration . 4 . The turkey must be defrosted in the refrigerator . 6 Effective Academic W riting 3 Answer Key 5 . Green is worn by many people in the United States on Saint Patricks Day . 6 . A lot of flowers and chocolates are sold on Valentines Day . Exercise 4 (p. 5) 1 . X 2 . The gifts offered to the spirits are blessed by the families . 3 . X 4 . X 5 . The Buddhist altars are decorated by families . 6 . X Exercise 5 (p. 52) Every year, the flaging autumn leaves signal the cost of Halloween . It is one of the most popular holidays in the United States, and it (1) is enjoyed by both children and adults .Many parties are held on this occasion when special costumes, masks, and wigs (2) are worn . Some of the most popular costumes that are (3) chosen chose are from childrens fairy tales as well as witches, ghosts, and famous movie stars . Prizes are often given for the most unusual and creative disguises . Faces are (4) painted paint with odd designs and colorful makeup . The fronts of many houses (5) are decorated with gravestones, monsters, and jack-o-lanterns . Thes e lanterns are (6) made making from pumpkins, which are carved out to create scary faces . On the night of Halloween, children go trick-or-treating, which means oing from house to house to collect candy . For kids and adults alike, Halloween is great fun . exclusively remember, young children should (7) to be accompanied by an adult at all times . Part 5 Putting It All Together Exercise (p. 53) A . a . 2 c . 3 e . 1 b . 5 d . 6 f . 4 B . Answers will vary. First, check with your counselor for available scholarships . Second, select three or four scholarships that are appropriate for you . Third, go to the Internet and review the requirements . Next, request an application form . After this, complete the application . Finally, submit the application and wait for a response . Exercise 2 (p. 3) 1 . Before you enter a Japanese tea house, take off your shoes . or Take off your shoes before you enter a Japanese tea house . 2 . After you sit in the proper position, begin the ceremony . o r Begin the ceremony after you sit in the proper position . 3 . As soon as you pour hot water into the tea bowl, stir the mixture . or Stir the mixture as soon as you pour hot water into the tea bowl . 4 . Before you taste the tea, admire the design of the bowl . or Admire the design of the bowl before you taste the tea . 5 . After you drink the tea, pass the bowl to the next person . or Pass the bowl to the next person after ou drink the tea . Exercise 3 (p. 54) 1 . Baseball players are idolized by the fans . 2 . Tickets can be bought on the Internet by fans . 3 . The games are often sponsored by large corporations . 4 . A special vest must be worn by the umpire . 5 . Baseball is watched by millions of viewers on TV . Exercise 4 (p. 54) 1 . Changes to the schedule must be approved by the principal . 2 . The electric drill must be plugged in . 3 . Banks and other businesses are closed on national holidays . 4 . Potatoes and other vegetables are move aroundn in Idaho . 5 . A weekend edition is published by The New York Times . Exercise 5 (p. 55)In college, students have many responsibilities, and one of them is to understand the rules of the university . International students may be confused by some of these rules . For instance, on most American college campuses, alcohol consumption is (1) prohibited prohibit because of the many alcohol-related deaths among young people . Educators believe that students should be (2) made make aware of the dangers of excessive drinking . Another issue is hummer in public spaces, which (3) is permitted in some countries around the world . In the majority of American schools, smoking is not (4) allowed allowing in the cafeterias, dormitories, and tudent unions . However, in most classrooms, food and drinks may (5) to be consumed . Before students enter a classroom or lecture hall, they are (6) expected expect to turn their cell phones off . piracy and cheating on exams (7) is be not tolerated serious consequences may result . Unit 3 Cause and Effect Essays Part 1 Stimulating Ideas Exercise 3 (p. 62) 1 . F 2 . F 3 . T 4 . T 5 . T Exercise 4 (p. 62) Answers will vary. 1 . While his peers spent funds on fraternities and parties, Mighty invested in the stock market . He searched for answers on his own . 2 . He made a documentary while traveling around he country asking people from many different backgrounds what they thought happiness was . 3 . You dont need material riches to enjoy your life you just have to live it to the fullest . 4 . Answers will vary. 5 . Answers will vary. Part 2 Brainstorming and Outlining Exercise 2 (p. 64) Answers will vary. A . 1 . Happiness love, friendship, success, enjoy 2 . Actions complete, advance, finish, start 3 . Results turn into, make possible, end result, culminate B . Answers will vary. 2 . Accomplishing your goals leads to quietude of mind . 3 . Succeeding in a difficult situation brings about contentment . 4 .Completing a college degree makes it possible to enjo y a good career . 5 . Finishing what you started leads to selfsatisfaction . Exercise 3 (p. 65) A positive watch helps you find happiness in relationships, keeps you wellnessy, and makes you more able to award difficult situations . Exercise 4 (p. 66) Answers will vary. 1 . Hook Happiness is a state of being that everyone wants to achieve . 2 . A positive outlook can help you be happy and change the outcome of your life . 3 . Thesis statement It can enrich your relationships, improve your health, and guide you through some of lifes greatest challenges . A positive outlook on life can make your relationships stronger, make you Effective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key 7 healthier, and give you the strength to face lifes most difficult moments . 4 . Body paragraph 1 topic A positive outlook helps you find happiness in professional, social, and personal relationships . Body pargraph 2 topic Having a positive outlook also makes a person healthy . Body paragraph 3 topic Finally, people with positive outlooks are stronger and capable of confronting difficult situations . 5 . Laughter releases a chemical substance called serotonin into your blood stream stress causes igh blood pressure, heart disease, and cancer 6 . The conclusion restates the introduction in different words . Part 3 Developing Your Ideas Exercise (p. 69) According to the writer, family support, motivation, and the ability to focus lead to success in college . Exercise 2 (p. 70) Answers will vary. 1 . Students may experience self-doubt, face financial hardships, and be overwhelmed by the work load . 2 . They might be too tired to study after move home late from their jobs, or they might decide to go to a party instead of studying . 3 . Students have many obligations to fill and may rrive home late at night, so they may find it difficult to finish their homework and make their studies a priority . 4 . You could waste valuable time and money if you arent focused . 5 . Answers will vary. Exercise 3 ( p. 7) 2 . c 3 . a 4 . c 5 . a Exercise 4 (p. 73) 2 . Since people are receiving better checkup treatment, they are living longer . or People are living longer since they are receiving better medical treatment . 3 . Because orchestras are trying to attract a younger audience, reduced rates at concert halls are available for many high school students . or Reduced rates at concert halls are available for any high school students because orchestras are trying to attract a younger audience . 4 . Since research has shown that yoga reduces stress, more and more individuals are practicing it . or More and more individuals are practicing yoga since research has shown that it reduces stress . 8 Effective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key Exercise 5 (p. 73) 2 . As a result of the high pollen count, my allergies are very bad this season . 3 . Because of my excellent work, I received the highest grade in the class . 4 . repayable to the destructive fire, the grammatical construction had to be dem olished . Exercise 6 (p. 74) 2 .The fire caused major damage to the school auditorium consequently, we will have the performance in the town hall . or The fire caused major damage to the school auditorium . Consequently, we will have the performance in the town hall . 3. The Great Depression was devastating as a result, many farmers moved to calcium . or The Great Depression was devastating . As a result, many farmers moved to California . 4 . Airlines have cut back go as a result, flights no longer provide meals . or Airlines have cut back services . As a result, flights no longer provide meals . 5 . The reviews were great therefore, the theater dded more performances . or The reviews were great . Therefore, the theater added more performances . Part 4 Editing Your Writing Exercise (p. 77) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . If you study hard, you will pass the test . If you get a roommate, you will parcel out the rent . If you go to bed early on, you will wake up refreshed . If you read more, you will increase your vocabulary . Exercise 2 (p. 78) 2 . If I owned a car, I wouldnt travel by bus . 3 . If people didnt watch a lot of TV, they would read books . 4 . If I knew how to cook, I could make dinner for the whole family . 5 . If we have a lot of rain in the spring, I wont go amping . Exercise 3 (p. 78) Answers will vary. 2 . I would buy a beach house if I had more money . 3 . If people receive better health care, they will live longer . 4 . I would learn a foreign language if I could go back to school . 5 . If home owners used solar energy, they would save money on their heating bills . Exercise 4 (p. 79) If you (1) like liked music, think about winning a music appreciation course . If you (2) would have any talent in that direction, you may want to join a choir . I linked a choir two years ago and I enjoy it very much . I know that if I didnt have my rehearsals, I (3) would ill be very unhappy . I look forward to working with a conductor, learning challenging pieces, a nd singing with a group . If I (4) miss missed a rehearsal, I feel a little depressed . Even if we work on a difficult piece, I (5) would find the challenge exhilarating . If music is not the hobby for you, you should (6) find found one that can bring you happiness . If you do, you (7) will would not be no-count . Part 5 Putting It All Together Exercise (p. 80) 1 . b 2 . a 3 . b 4 . c 5 . a 6 . c Exercise 2 (p. 8) 1 . The construction industry is thriving since there is a high demand for new housing . or Since there is high demand for new housing, the construction industry is thriving . 2 . Because of fierce competition for jobs, many young adults want to go to college . or Many young adults want to go to college because of fierce competition for jobs . 3 . Because people are living longer, second careers are more common . or Second careers are more common because people are living longer . 4 . Newspapers and magazines are losing subscribers since readers obtain more current info rmation from the Internet . or Since readers obtain more up-to-date information from the Internet, newspapers and magazines are losing subscribers . 5 .Due to a great need for nurses, many students are move into the profession . or Many students are entering the profession due to a great need for nurses . 6 . As a result of the building of the Suez Canal, ships are able to travel faster from the west to the east . or Ships are able to travel faster from the west to the east as a result of the building of the Suez Canal . Exercise 3 (p. 8) 1 . Microwaves are time-saving therefore, people are cooking less . or Microwaves are time-saving . Therefore, people are cooking less . 2 . Crime rates are high consequently, more law of nature patrol the streets . or Crime rates are high .Consequently, more police patrol the streets . 3 . Globalization is increasing as a result, English has become a more popular language . or Globalization is increasing . As a result, English has become a more popular language . 4 . Shopping malls are huge consequently, consumers have more choices . or Shopping malls are huge . Consequently, consumers have more choices . 5 . Cell phones are convenient and economical as a result, many people have cancelled their home service . or Cell phones are convenient and economical . As a result, many people have cancelled their home service . 6 . The exam was challenging therefore, many tudents failed . or The exam was challenging . Therefore, many students failed . Exercise 4 (p. 82) 1 . If you work hard, you will succeed in your career . 2 . If you work at a job you like, you will accomplish more in less time . 3 . If you travel around the world, you will learn about new cultures . 4 . If you have a DVD drive, you will be able to watch movies on your computer . 5 . If you plant perennials, you will have flowers again next year . 6 . If you purchase tickets online, you will save money . Exercise 5 (p. 83) Answers will vary. 1 . If you did not play an instrument, you could not join an orchestra . 2 .If you had a long semester, you would have less vacation time . 3 . If we had a microwave, we wouldnt cook everything on the stove . 4 . If I owned a laptop, I could work efficiently . 5 . If I had any credit cards, I would not pay with cash . Exercise 6 (p. 83) Today, people work long hours and have too many responsiblities as a result, they have very little leisure time . If people spent more time with family and friends, they (1) would will be happier . Often parents do not have enough time to spend with their children . Therefore, young children do not receive the parental attention they need . If parents (2) had have more home ime, they could play games with their children, and participate in more school activities . If parents (3) spent Effective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key 9 spend more time with their children, children would do better in school . Furthermore, if workers had more leisure time, they (4) could can go on mor e family vacations . Teenagers (5) would have had more time to communicate with their parents if they did not have so many responsibilities . If leisure time (6) increased increase, the family unit would be stronger and society as a whole would benefit . Unit 4 Argumentative Essays Part 1 Stimulating IdeasExercise 3 (p. 90) 1 . F 2 . T 3 . F 4 . T 5 . F 6 . F Part 3 Developing Your Ideas Exercise 4 (p. 90) Answers will vary. 1 . He is the first person to be charged with the abuse of piracy, and other arrests may follow . 2 . Its function is to protect intellectual spot between nations . 3 . They are losing large profits and are afraid they wont survive . 4 . Answers will vary. 5 . Answers will vary. Part 2 Brainstorming and Outlining Exercise 2 (p. 92) A . law belongings legal break the rules commit a crime computers own a copyright download possession share files program B . Answers will vary. Exercise 3 (p. 93)Academic policy rules are broken by cheating and plagiarism . Exerci se 4 (p. 95) Answers will vary. A . 1 . Some students plagiarize because it saves time . 2 . The writer feels that copying someone elses work and submitting it as your own is not only immoral but also academically unacceptable . We know this because the writer says, However, plagiarism is wrong because it is irresponsible as well as against academic policy . 3 . They dont develop their critical thinking and writing skills and they might fail their final exams . 0 4 . Answers will vary. 5 . Answers will vary. B . 1 . Hook College and high school students often ook for shortcuts to make their work easier . 2 . Thesis statement However, plagiarism is irresponsible from a social and academic standpoint . Answers will vary. Example Plagiarism affects your relationships with your classmates and teachers, and it hinders your academic progress . 3 . d 4 . There are some students who feel that because they are so busy, they have no choice but to plagiarize . 5 . Three Plagiarism damages c lassroom relationships, it also violates school policies, and it prevents students from realizing their own potential . Effective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key Exercise 2 (p. 99) Answers will vary. . The first reason the writer gives is that line of merchandise companies charge too much money for the service . 2 . The writer gives detailed price information for the various packages the cable company offers . These facts strengthen the writers argument, because they are specific examples of how the cable companys prices can be very expensive . 3 . The quality of satellite service is inferior, and many buildings do not allow tenants to use satellite dishes . 4 . blood companies say they are losing money and that getting free cable is against the law . 5 . Answers will vary. Exercise 3 (p. 00) 1 . R 2 . C 3 . C 4 . R 5 . C 6 . RExercise 4 (p. 02) 2 . Once an invention is patented, only the owner can make, make out or distribute the product . Therefore, anyone else who wants to profi t from this item must get permission from the owner . or Once an invention is patented, only the owner can make, sell or distribute the product therefore, anyone else who wants to profit from this item must get permission from the owner . 3 . Novels, plays, newspapers, and other original printed materials are protected by copyright law . However, visual images such as drawings, photographs, and cartoons are still illegally copied off the Internet . or . Novels, plays, ewspapers, and other original printed materials are protected by copyright law however, visual images such as drawings, photographs, and cartoons are still illegally copied off the Internet . 4 . There continues to be illegal videotaping of movies in public movie theaters . Consequently, the U . S . Congress found it requirement to pass the Family Copyright Act of 2005 . or There continues to be illegal videotaping of movies in public movie theaters consequently, the U . S . Congress found it necessary to pass the Fam ily Copyright Act of 2005 . Part 4 Editing Your Writing Exercise (p. 05) Answers will vary. 2 .Whereas some people like to go to a movie theater, others prefer to watch movies at home . 3 . Even though baseball is the most popular sport in America, soccer is the leading sport in Europe . 4 . While obtain online is very convenient, many people prefer to see the merchandise before they buy it . 5 . Although air travel is expensive, the time saved makes it worthwhile . Exercise 2 (p. 06) A . 2 . What they decided to do 3 . It is essential authenticity . is ridiculous . that you check the paintings 4 . We advise that you buy jewelry only from a reputable dealer . 5 . The board demands teachers . 6 . I dont agree hat the school hire master with what he said . B . 1 . I believe that viewers have a right to use free unauthorized cable service . 2 . Cable companies complain that they are losing money and that obtaining free cable is unlawful . 3 . We feel that these companies have a monop oly . 4 . In conclusion, I think that people should be allowed to use unauthorized cable service unless we have reasonable options . Exercise 3 (p. 07) 2 . The city residents barrack that the mayor lower the fare for public transportation . 3 . Parents believe that the community should provide after-school programs for teenagers . 4 .It is crucial that the government offer free health care for all citizens . 5 . Most employers insist that their workers arrive on time . Exercise 4 (p. 07) Identity theft occurs when someone steals your name, social protection, or credit card number and uses it for his/her own purposes . Although most people feel safe from identity theft (1) , thousands of people each year fall victim to this new form of crime . We preach that you (2) to protect yourself from this hideous crime . Do not disclose personal information (like your social security number) to strangers . Destroy all unused bank and credit card statements .Keep an eye on your credit cards . Although credit cards make life easier (3) , you need to be cautious when using them . In case you become a victim of identity crime, follow these steps . We advise that you (4) should file a police report as soon as you realize that something is wrong . It is crucial that you (5) to notify your credit card companies and bank immediately . We also suggest that you (6) could keep records of all your documents in a safe place . Therefore, if you become a victim, you will have all the necessary information to facilitate the filing process . Part 5 Putting It All Together Exercise (p. 09) . R 2 . C 3 . R 4 . R 5 . C 6 . R Exercise 2 (p. 09) 1 . A lot of companies copy the ingredients found in famous perfumes . Furthermore/in addition/ moreover, other companies steal patterns for dishware, sheets, and towels . or A lot of companies copy the ingredients found in famous perfumes furthermore/in addition/moreover, other companies steal patterns for dishware, sheets, and towels . 2 . Many college students know that plagiarism is illegal . However/nevertheless, websites that sell essays continue to grow . or Many college students know that plagiarism is illegal however/nevertheless, websites that sell essays ontinue to grow . 3 . Writing a research paper takes time and patience . Furthermore/in addition/moreover, it takes determination . or Writing a research paper takes time and patience furthermore/in addition/ moreover, it takes determination . 4 . Media-related property theft has resulted in legal retaliation . However/nevertheless, the number of individuals illegally obtaining media online has increased . or Media-related property theft has resulted in legal retaliation however/ Effective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key nevertheless, the number of individuals illegally obtaining media online has increased . . Many consumers try to keep up with modern technology . However/ nevertheless, this is almost impossible because what is popular today becomes obsolete tomorr ow . or Many consumers try to keep up with modern technology however/ nevertheless, this is almost impossible because what is popular today becomes obsolete tomorrow . Exercise 3 (p. 0) Answers will vary. 1 . Although people in the United States greet each other buy shaking hands, people in other countries greet each other by bowing . 2 . While opponents say that television has a lot of violence, many people believe it can be an educational tool . 3 .Whereas many people go on vacation in the summer, I prefer to vacation in the spend when its less crowded . 4 . Although smoking has proven to be a dangerous habit, I still see many people smoking . 5 . Even though cell phone users believe they have the right to talk whenever they want, many people believe that cell phones should be illegalise from restaurants . Exercise 4 (p. ) 1 . It is mandatory that cyclists in the United States wear helmets . 2 . The government believes that people should be punished for stealing intellectual pro perty . 3 . It is essential that a driver check the cars oil and tires before taking a long trip . 4 .The taxpayers figure that the mayor build a new highway . 5 . Colleges recommend that students have their own computers . Exercise 5 (p. ) To complete a research spew on the Internet, it is important that you (1) must find a good search engine . (2) Although there There are many available (3) , some are better than others . Once you have chosen your search engine, it is essential that you (4) should narrow your search to a specific topic . Type in the keywords for your search . We recommend that you (5) will check your spelling carefully . If you misspell too many words, you will not get the right results . As soon as you have our list of websites, we suggest that you quickly (6) to scan the list . (7) While/whereas some Some people choose websites randomly, others find that the first five 2 Effective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key to ten are usually the best . Be prepared to look at a lot of websites before you find what you need . Open the sites and skim them to find out if the information will work for your project . (8) Even though/although it It is tempting to copy the material that you have found, it is mandatory that you (9) to use your own words when you write your paper . You should include the website address in your final report . Unit 5Classification Essays Part 1 Stimulating Ideas Exercise 3 (p. 8) 1 . T 2 . T 3 . F 4 . T 5 . F Exercise (p. 8) Answers will vary. 1 . College students looking for a job and people who want to advance in their professions need to learn new skills . 2 . Some computer skills needed are Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, and e-mail systems . 3 . Skills 2006 was a study based on a survey conducted to find out whether new job applicants had the necessary skills . 4 . Companies now want employees to be technically trained for the jobs . 5 . There will not be enough graduates to fill these positions . Part 2 Brainstorming and O utliningExercise 3 (p. 2) Graphic design programs for web pages and animation are discussed . Exercise 4 (p. 23) Answers will vary. A . 1 . Flash MX has transitional pages, which are links that guide you from one slide (or portion of the slide) to another . You can also have animated introductions and create diverse effects with the buttons at the bottom of the pages . 2 . Photoshop allows you to repair old photos by adjusting the light and shadow . 3 . Swish provides a greater variety of font designs . 4 . Two-dimensional animations are flat while 3-dimentional animations have depth . 5 . Answers will vary. B . 1 .Hook Graphic design has become an essential tool in desktop publishing . 2 . Thesis statement Graphic design programs are classified according to their function . Graphic design programs are categorized according to the functions they perform . 3 . They are being grouped according to function . 4 . The category for body paragraph 1 is programs used to develop a web page . 5 . The category for body paragraph 2 is programs used to design flyers, posters, and cards . 6 . The category for body paragraph 3 is animation programs used to produce a 2- or 3-dimensional style . 7 . b 5 . The writer uses statistics . Exercise 3 (p. 29) Answers will vary. 1 . Group 1 landscaper, farmer, park ranger Principle of classification people who work in nature 2 . Group 2 linguist, interpreter, speech communication therapist Principle of classification people who work with language 3 . Group 3 civil engineer, architect, surveyor Principle of classification people involved in building and construction Exercise 4 (p. 3) Part 3 Developing Your Ideas Exercise (p. 26) Computer scientists, computer engineers, computer support specialists, and system analysts 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . the greatest the same the fewest almost the same the smallest Exercise 2 (p. 27) Answers will vary.A . 1 . They have to be able to do research and be problem solvers . 2 . They rank the second high est . 3 . The highest paid people with associate degrees will be respiratory therapists, cardiovascular technologists, and nuclear medicine technologists . 4 . These professionals should be able to communicate written information and medical instructions to their clients . 5 . Computer science and health and human services as well as their related skills are the forces that will drive the economy . 6 . Answers will vary. B . 1 . Answers will vary. Example Many young people are wondering where the jobs of the future may e . 2 . Thesis statement However, if you are one of the many students who are still confused about which career to pursue, here are the jobs that will have the most growth in the number of people utilize over the next decade . Answers will vary. If you are not sure about your career path, you may want to consider one of these jobs that will be employing the most people within the next ten years . 3 . The information is presented in order of the highest, the second h ighest, the third highest percentage of growth . 4 . Body paragraph 1 The highest percentage of growth body paragraph 2 The second-highest ercentage of growth body paragraph 3 The third-highest growth rate . Part 4 Revising Your Writing Exercise (p. 34) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . V, eating S, being V, taking S, learning S, studying Exercise 2 (p. 34) Answers will vary. 2 . I always enjoy swimming in the ocean . 3 . Volunteering in the community can be a wonderful experience . 4 . Many people dislike watching scary movies . 5 . Repairing computers is a useful skill to learn . 6 . If you want to feel better, you should avoid eating fatty foods . Exercise 3 (p. 34) 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . improving memorizing researching discovering taking Exercise 4 (p. 34) Answers will vary. . I am interested in taking a computer graphics course this semester . 3 . I am nervous about speaking in front of a large audience . 4 . I am responsible for taking care of my sister . 5 . I am concerned about passing my drivers test . Effective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key 3 6 . I am involved in planting new trees in my community . Exercise 5 (p. 36) 1 . The principal expected the teachers to arrive on time . 2 . The company is planning to hire new employees . 3 . Barbara expects to graduate next year . 4 . All hospitals require doctors to pass their medical exams . 5 . We decided to learn a foreign language . 6 .Employment agencies advise job applicants to dress appropriately for their job interviews . Exercise 6 (p. 36) Answers will vary. 1 . The professor agreed to give the final exam early . 2 . The policeman asked us to park on the other side of the street . 3 . My doctor advised me to eat more fruit and vegetables . 4 . The mayor needs to give a speech next week . 5 . My best friend wants to travel the world before shes 40 . 6 . Many children learn to write at a very early age . Exercise 7 (p. 37) Answers will vary. 2 . My parents let me go to Europe last summer to study . 3 . The lifeguard had all the swimmers leave the pool . . The judge made the jury stay for the weekend . 5 . The bus driver let all the passengers ride for free . 6 . The airlines made all the travelers turn off their electronic devices . Exercise 8 (p. 37) (1) Finding Find the right career may seem like an overwhelming assess for many . If you are looking for job opportunities, you need (2) to take enough time to explore all the options . Begin by (3) assessing assess your skills . Decide what you are good at doing and what you enjoy . Are you interested in designing or creating things with your hands? Perhaps you are more accustomed to (4) sitting sit at a computer . Do you like orking indoors or do you enjoy (5) being be outside in nature? Some people prefer (6) to work on a team, while others dislike working with others . This may be the most important decisions you will ever make, so explore your talents and abilities carefully, and do not let anyone (7) to influence you . 4 Effective Academic Writing 3 Answer Key Part 5 Putting It All Together Exercise (p. 39) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . preparing forming receiving Arriving writing Practicing Exercise 2 (p. 39) 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 . 6 . to at in for with about Exercise 3 (p. 40) 1 . b 2 . a 3 . c 4 . a 5 . c 6 . c Exercise 4 (p. 40)

Assess the effectiveness of strategies used to manage the impacts of glacial processes

GuidanceCandidates(i)should show knowledge and discernment of the problems arising from the allude of frozen(p) performancees and landforms on human activity or from the impact of human activities on frosty environments(ii)should show knowledge and understanding of the strategies put in place to manage these impacts(iii)should show an assessment of the transport of the above strategies better candidates should make an assessment of the effectiveness of the strategies discussed throughout, whereas the average candidate may totally assess the strategies in passing or perhaps briefly in their conclusion.Candidates need to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of the problems arising from the impacts of glacial processes and landforms on human activity or the impact of human activity on glacial environments. There may be a preaching non only of the nature, but also of the seriousness of the impacts.In order to assess the effectiveness of strategies adopted to deal with the impacts, candidates go away need to briefly describe the strategies. Strategies will vary depending on the glacial environment chosen. The assessment should involve an evaluation of both the positive and negative aspects of the strategies adopted in relation to the aims of the strategies implemented.Assess the effectiveness of strategies apply to manage the impacts of glacial processes and landforms on Human activity.Problems arising from glacial processes and landformsStrategies used to deal with these (remember to assess +tive and -tive) Many strategies make water been put in place to manage the impact of glacial processes. The types of glacial processes they would be managing range from erosionalprocesses Glacial processes- avalanche, ablation glacial (flooding) & fluvioglacial bank deposit (landslides) Landforms- pyramidal peaks, artes, troughs, hanging valleys, lakes, outwash plainIn glacial environments such as the french Alps human activity is very popular with up to 100 million tourists going for holidays each year to enjoy the winter sports available. However strategies must(prenominal) be put in place to control the glacial processes in order to make the bea safe to minimize the negative impact on humans. The methods used include pr pull imbibetion and control measures by both soft and hard strategies, but are they successful?An avalanche is a type of glacial process and to deal with it strong, resistant buildings are constructed, as are avalanche barriers on the slopes and trees are planted near to pistes and woods made denser so as to break the flow as well as to hold the snow together reducing the risk of an avalanche starting. The choice of strategy is very often dependent to the nature of human activity, the density of the settlement and the impact the strategy could have on the surrounding nature.Another factor that must be considered is the frequency and intensity of the avalanche as well as the capability impacts like fatality a d damage to buildings and infrastructure. In Verbier Austria they have introduced a way to categorize areas which are at risk of avalanches by creating red and yellow zones. In the red construction of any kind is banned trance in the yellow specific safety measures must be applied and a strict building code followed. This should result in buildings that will withstand avalanches, protecting the people inside, even though they will not do anything to renounce an avalanche actually occurring.The town of Gltur in Austria is predominantly a yellow zone barely when the huge avalanche of 1999 struck it was during the day when people were returning the their homes so werent able to be protected by this strategy thus the devastation toll was 4000. Though a great deal of money is being invested in the various strategies, to a greater extent pressure is being put on the planners, as the alpine towns are swelling thus putting themselves at further risk of avalanches as more and more trees are being cut down and the safe areas to build are almost full forcing more buildings in to the danger zones.Glaciers arent the only threat developing towns in the upland have to face. As the globe is going through climate change the rates of ablation in glacial areas is much higher. This is made worse by the increase popularity of the areas for tourists who access them through cars and planes, which contribute to the pollution. Furthermore activities like skiing and snowboarding damage the soil under the snow making it weaker, and young trees are shamed while older trees are removed for ski lifts or roads. These factors all accumulate in the potential danger of landslides, which can also be caused by the fluvioglacial deposition during the summer periods adding to the instability of the land.To deal with landslides, planners ensure that fragile areas are not being used to allow for the regrowth of vegetation. In resorts in the French alps the only means to get there is via train so no extra cars are present. Also codes of conducts are enforced to avoid young saplings from being damaged so that the soil in the future will be held together and strengthened by the presence of the roots. However, many of these strategies are there only to lessen the impact of an already present issue. They can not stop landslides from happening as they have little influence over the rate of ablation of the glacier.Rapid draw off of glaciers increases run-off, contributing to the growth of glacial lakes and the conversion of some supraglacial lakes to moraine-dammed lakes. These lakes tend to breach the weak and unstable loose moraine dam, with catastrophic impacts downstream. Strategies for predicting future glacier lake formation are big for an early planning of safety measures, The Ngozumpa Glacier project aims to study the response of glaciers to climate change and to gain data to predict hazards like lake outbursts and slope failures. Glaciers in the Himalayas are some o f the most prominent glaciers to undergo shrinkage due to global warming.In the past years there have been many glacier lake outburst floods with many more unstable lakes currently being monitored such as the Tsho Rolpa in Nepal. These unstable glaciers have engineering projects conducted on them to lower the levels and mitigate the hazards. But, these works are not only expensive but are logistically difficult due to the fragile high altitude environment. However they can be used to develop the potential of hydropower production.Another area with which Hydropower potential has been explored is using hanging valleys. These occur where the main valley has been eroded at a much higher rate than the tributary valleys. subsequently glaciation the latter are left at a higher altitude hanging above the main valley. Streams that flow from such tributary valleys fall steeply creating waterfalls. The kinetic energy of the water is turned into electricity. The owners of the power stations mu st ensure that enough water is in the stream/river at all multiplication to protect that habitat which can mean that no electricity is produced in the summer. I believe that many of the strategies in place to manage the impacts of glacial process and landforms on human activities are successful as we have better knowledge and technology to deal with them. Yet I do not rally that they are utterly effective as they are all very expensive and the majority are to limit the impact rather then to stop it from happening in the first place.

Third Industrial Revolution

Third Industrial Revolution based on Offshoring and Education Its no doubt that our economy is changing and so is the world we live in. The major transmits in our society st bed off with the First Industrial Revolution. more than jobs convinced from farm to factory beginning in the tardy 18th century. This was the largest revolution because it shaped the way we live today. The second revolution was the shift from manufacturing jobs toward service jobs. Its believed that we atomic number 18 still in this shift. Now we are on the brink of a third industrial revolution which is due to the development of technology.Often called the Information Age, the third revolution provide require change as the first and second have before. However, it seems as if little changes have been made to accommodate the changing world. We are now facing the struggle of precludeing jobs in the country and along with that comes the need to enhance our educational system. The two may not seem to wor k together, but they do. Improvement in education may change the way we off shoring our jobs. There has been suggested a few ways that could help improve United States and affirm us on snarf instead of having other countries take our jobs.Alan S. Blinder is the Vice Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. He is the one that presented the idea of changing the way we enlighten our youngster to have them better prepared for the future. Researching his ideas and theories on how to solve the problem with education, I did agree with him on most of his theories. In the past the fight for our jobs was with computers and technology. Many jobs were being taken by computers, which resulted in many people being laid-off. We whoremastert deny that we do need computers and the improvement of technology makes our lives easier.We cant dumb down our economy to keep jobs. People eventually had to accept the increase of computers and the facts that many jobs we needed to do, can now be make for us. We now have another force thats taking our jobs, offshoring. Offshoring is taking over many companies and there is nothing we can do about it. The full(a) deal of having someone do the same job for a lot less is too good of a deal for a company to obviate up. For the heads of companies they love the idea, but for the average worker we have to compete with workers in India and Asia for jobs in our own country.Offshoring is no longer only limited to service jobs. It was legal opinion that call centers and manufacturing companies were the jobs affected for foreigners taking their jobs, but with the increase in technology that is no longer the case. With the increase of offshoring, the jobs more aimed at leaving the country are impersonal jobs. By not needing face to face contact with customers, it makes it easier to have the job completed overseas. Offshoring is an event that we can prepare for, by better preparing the custody for a new economy of work. Training the future needs to be different than in the past because we are emerging into a whole new era. The increase of computers causes an increase of impersonal jobs, which makes it easy to complete many services by electronic means. Blinders suggested, We need to think about, plan, and probably redesign our educational system with the crucial distinction between personal service jobs and impersonal service jobs in mind. Because many impersonal are the first ones being offshoring, the more personal jobs are the one staying in the country.We do need to help the future understand the change that is progressing around us. It does make sense that we need to change our educational system from one that was implemented over 50 years ago. Getting every school and college to change their curriculum provide take cadence and work, but with an effective plan the need for change will eventually happen. The essential need for education needs to change. Learning about a careers that will be available years down the line, will help us be more prepared. Jobs that cant be offshored or adopte by a machine will be the product of a new growing economy.Suggestions of ways to improve the educational system would be to include the following. To keep jobs we need to focus on the advancement of skills that cannot be outperformed by a computer or taken away by someone overseas. The thing that makes us American and different than any other culture is what we need to put emphasis on. Creativity, ingenuity, spontaneity, culture, interpersonal relations, etc. are factors that make us an individual and if these are applied into the education system its possible that we will gain more jobs back.Memorization seems to be something that many schools try to help develop, but that skill is something that a computer can very well accomplish better than the average worker could. Also by bringing in more group and interactive activities we could improve our personal skills. Just a few newer a pproaches to increasing the way we learn and information that we learn can help put us on the right track to keeping jobs that we could do better than a foreign country and we could be better prepared for jobs that wont be offshored.Blinder tell as his main objective, We need to focus on preparing more college students for the high-end jobs that are unlikely to move offshore, and on developing a creative workforce that will keep America incubating and developing new processes, new products, and entirely new industries. Offshoring is, after all, mostly about following and copying. Americans need to lead and innovate instead, notwithstanding as we have in the past. Summary The increase of technology has Americans sending off our jobs overseas. We can compete with foreign countries and computers to keep more jobs in the U.S. virtuoso important factor to help us is to improve the way we are educating our future. We need to change the system implementing new ways to educate. We also ne ed to change focus of the lesson and focus on new concepts that in the end can make us competitor with computers and foreign countries. Many people dont know that change is needed and are perfectly fine with the system we have set up now. The ideas that Blinder suggested for us are just ideas that could possibly have us heading in the right direction for the future.Conclusions and Recommendations By using and implementing the information that Blinder has given will help to successfully keep the economy on track and not have it handed over to another country. The educational system we have now hasnt been changed for many years and as the world is changing we also need to change along with it. Because sometimes it can be hard to adjust to change, and many people dont like change getting the information publicized and persuading policy holders will speed up the progress for change.

Hotel departments

General manager which use recommendations of executive committee embers is responsible for tout ensemble principal(prenominal) decisions which impact to hotel life. The members of executive committee do to make forher their forecasts of filling in of hotel and calculate bud find oneself,defining main incomes and outcomes. And in the meeting of members of committee there be discussed these questions and problems the take aim filling in forecast,plans of marketing and gross sales, captain preparing of hurl,main articles of outcomes,questions of reconstruction of hotel,relations with hosts,energy economy,utilizing,new legislation,practice and rentable actions. 2,page 189 At the meridian is the customer. Customers ar the reason hotels are here. Mission is to en received that every guest leaves satisfied and wants to return, thus ensuring 3 customer loyalty. We have two types of customers external customers?our guests? and internal customers, who are the hotels associates. Associ ate imp deceitfulnesss partnership and motioning together, which is subtle but in good order message. The commerce of the supervisors, managers, and the leadership team is to support the figurehead row and remove the barriers to doing good exercise,lead and help people do their Jobs better.This means managers support the face up line by demonstrating concern for associates (and it must be their problems quickly and fairly,above all, treating associates with dignity,kindness, and respect. Putting the GM at the bottom of the pyramid shows that the leader actually works for the people who work with the leader. We view my routine as doing whatever it takes to gain and keep customers. 1 ,page 86,(See the scheme 2). 4 Chapter 1 . Front Hotel(departments which are visible by guests at initiative).The front of the house refers to those departments that deal directly with, and are seen by, hotel guests. These departments also accept focus departments. The departments which related with inhabit and their theatrical roles, sales and marketing department, regimen and swallow department. Room division departments includes fronted,reservation,segmentation of customer, housekeeping(back heterogeneity, protective cover providing assists departments. 2,page 190 The department of sales and reservation after part realization rooms.Service, front office, dark audit, accounting, credit, office management, security, personnel, banquet, advertising, prevalent relations, sales, resident management, executive management,and all subdivisions of these he back of the house, most top positions and all executive posts lie in the front. 4 1. 1 The departments which related with rooms and their functions. Room division departments. Front office. Front office has been described as the hub or nerve center of the hotel. It is the department that makes a first impression on the guest and one that the guest relies on throughout his or her stay for study and answer.Its duty is to enhance guest services by constantly developing services to meet guest needs. It is the most key department of the hotel. The main function of this apartment is to give warm welcome to the guest . It helps to create good image in front of the guest. This is the first department where guest comes in touch sensation with. It generates the maximum tax for the hotel as it sells room to the guests. This also includes sub departments like reservation, Bell desk, and Information desk. It also provides many facilities like concierge service to the guest 5 .The front office will demonstrate to sell out all the remaining rooms to call-in or walk-in guests to ensure 100%occupancy. Also,it should apply the put up management that is upsetting the eaters off larger room, a higher floor or a better view in higher 5 impairment for someone booking a room with shortly notice when the demand of room is high,to maintain balanced guest account. 5 Communication service is important fragment in work of hotel,because function of hotel depends on that. It is the centre of income,hotels usually add to tariff of international calling 50%.The center of communication works tour hours in three shift epochs. 2, page 212. Concierge. The concierge is a superset department from the front office room clerks and cashiers. Concierges serve to elevate a propertys marketable value and its image. They provide the special touch services that can cater to a guests precise needs. Also, they can speak several languages. They will assist the guests with a board execute of service, such as restaurant reservation, advice on local activities, tickets to show or VSP messages and special request. 6 A receptionist is an employee taking an office/ administrative support position. The work is usually performed in a waiting area such as a dorm front office desk of an organization or business enterprise. The title receptionist is attributed to the person who is utilise by an organization to recei ve or greet any suitors, patients, or clients and answer telecommunicate calls. 7 Working in the hotel and cordial reception industry requires interacting with people. A hotel night manager Job is multi-faceted.He is responsible for all aspects of the hotel that go on overnight. He needs to be ready to respond to a variety of situations such as late check-ins, intoxicated guests and loud parties. 8 Uniform service. Because of importance of first impressions of client the special responsibility has uniformed stuff. The chief is manager of gusts services. Hall porters,concierge and bellboys,although in some tolls concierges obey to directly to manager of front office. Hall porters first meet guests and communicate with them.Wearer in attractive uniform they stay at the door of hotel ,help them get off from car,call for them taxi,politely answering the questions of guests rough hotel and its surroundings. The main function of bellboys is accompanying of gusts and delivering luggage to 6 their publications. They help to people in explaining of working some things in infra building, they come apart them about the prices. 2, page 212 Door attendants are dressed in impressive uniforms. They greet guests at the hotel front door, assist in peeping the door entrance view of vehicles and giving guest breeding about the hotel and the local area in a courteous and friendly way. 6 For guest relations managers who work in the hospitality industry, such as in a hotel, their responsibilities include greeting guests, checking them into the hotel, providing information on hotel amenities, anticipating and responding to their needs, listening to and resolving complaints and providing excellent customer service throughout their stay. In short, it is this persons responsibility to promote a peremptory image of the hotel and ensure guest satisfaction. Functions of the Security part provide own(prenominal) safety for members of the university community and visitors,protect ion and security of university property,crime pr fountion and investigation,enforcement of university rules and regulations,provide security for designated functions,reporting hazardous and unsafe conditions regarding university property,security and protection of personal property of the members of the university and their guests, issue of ID Cards, Passes, permissions for various purposes, identification and control of unauthorized persons and animals,lassoing tit the district administration,collecting information recyclable for maintaining law and order in the campus. 10 Reservation is the first contact between hotel and guest. Although this contact can be realized by telephone,the first impression about the hotel is forming here. It requires certain skills which named telemarketing skills,from the stuff. The service of reservation usually works from 8. 00 till 18. 0,amount of workers depends on size of hotel. But client must not to think that hotel try to get more out of price . For reservation required many channels telephone,fax,telegram f 7 hotel, free telephone line for corporative clients,tournaments,internet, organization of conferences and meetings,torturer,recommendations of other hotel of this company, telephone of airport, reserves selfless come to hotel. Confirmed reservations is reservation confirmed with special notification,send from hotel to client by email or fax. Usually in this notification is showed information about room, the date of arrival and departure,amount of guests,amount of beds,and any special requirements.Guaranteed reservations happens in those cases when man who reserves room wants o get quarantines for that his order will be done. The number of credit card quarantines payment of room even in case if man dont come,hotel holds room till arriving of guest. The other form of quarantined reservation is repair payment. In some cases for avoiding standing of rooms because of no coming of expected guest, hotel can ask deposit for one day or the whole time of staying before. For that certain sum of paying is get from the number of credit card. It is reliable method of fighting with no coming of guests. 2, page 211 1. 2 Organizing Salina products of and services. sales and marketing department. The main function of this department is to sell the room nights and various conferences facilities to various clientele,to sell the room nights to individual guest for holiday purpose,to make the brand image of hotel in the market,to act as an agent for hotel and provide various information of changes and updating. 1 1 Sales and Marketing handle advertisement and promotions for various departments in the hotel. Responsible for increasing sales through attracting new and repeat business and responsible for an art and a science. Sales flow from marketing. Sales is the critical link between marketing and physical processs.It is the role of sales to help bridge this gap and find ship canal for the key customer-contact mem bers of the hotel to keep the promise of marketing. 1 ,348-349 p. The organization of sales management is the process of directing the personal 8 selling efforts of a hospitality establishment. Sales or account managers need to manage their day-to-day activity sales teams need to coordinate their efforts. Sales account management involves developing, maintaining, and enhancing customer relationships. Sales managers develop expertise for specific market segments, industry segments, and/or customer accounts, and common traits among supremacyful ales account executives include self-confidence, high energy, empathy, enthusiasm, and a sense of self-worth.Marketing is giving the targeted customers what they want, when they want it, where they want it, at a price they are willing and able to pay. Marketing begins, transcends, and ends with the consumer. Sales makes sure it happens. l ,353 page The best recommendation is that made by the public, and only when public relations truly works with the public can the property benefit. By putting the public in public relations, the public speaks for you and your property and results in profits through public relations. l ,360 page . See the scheme 4. Hotel Sales director. An individual employed by a business to manage the activities of subordinate sales people, and to develop and implement an effective selling strategy for the business in general. 13 Sales manager Banquet&event Responsible for the smooth and seamless operation of the banquet department to assure 100% guest satisfaction and comfort, takes appropriate action to respond to guest complaints, maintains positive guest relations at all times and is responsible for meeting acceptable level of Quality Assurance and guest satisfaction scores for the hotel at all times. 14 A manager of travel trade sales is expansible for promoting a destination to travel agencies and tour companies. Government agencies, private consulting and research firms and professional associat ions all employ these managers. 15 Corporate accounts sales manager Promote and sell to assigned group market in defined geographic region.Generate hotel/resort cognisance through direct phone sales direct sales calls, trademarks and networking groups. Work closely with sales and marketing team to solicit, sell and confirm group business required to 9 meet budgeted sales goals. 16 Hotel sales executives play a key role in helping a hotel achieve and maintain reparability. They work to build relationships with potential clients, highlighting their facilities as optimum for business events of all kinds. They provide all the necessary information to help clients make informed decisions on the purchase of blocks of rooms and production of special events. 17 1. 3 Organizing service of catering of visitors. Food and potable department.This department plays a vital role on the delivering the blameless service of food and beverage by placing the orders from the hot or cold plates of kitc hen to the customers table in the proper and the hospitality manner. Among the total revenue collected in the hotel, about 40% contribution is directly accredited to F&B department. For proper control and the effective variant units or sections which are also called as an outlet. 18 Food and deglutition Service is the department which serves food and beverage to the guests. This is the second most revenue producing department of the hotels. Whenever guests want to enjoy meal or drinks with gravid ambiance they visit restaurants and bars.There are so many restaurants with different cuisines, some with live kitchen, pubs, bars and cafe which even operates 24 hours. There are different types of services offered in the restaurant such as buffet service, table of the host and al a cart add-in I. E. According to the card. Food and beverage department includes Inside and outdoor catering,Pubs and bars, eating houses,Cafes,Room service. Food production in this department chef mends the world class food. All the types of cuisines are made here with different styles of cooking. The chefs prepare delicious food and put their creativity into it. Different cuisines have different kitchen and each one has its own specialized chefs.For Kitchen hygiene and easyliness, hotel has itched stewarding department which clean the kitchen as 10 well as washes the utensils and in small hotel housekeeping takes care of cleanliness. Food & Beverage Outlets are divided in to the following categories 1 . Retardants. Restaurants are places where Food & Drink is served. With comparing most of restaurants of hotel distinguish with their inequality and originality. And qualification of stuff is higher,but it is hard for them to work with income. There are various types of Restaurants All solar day Dining Restaurants They are usually called as Coffee Shop or Cafe in Hotels. The main reason why they are called All mean solar day Dining Restaurant is because of their hours of operation, a s they are open for Breakfast in the morning to Lunch in the afternoon to Dinner in the evening. alright Dining Restaurants Fine Dining Restaurants are characterized by their elaborate and exclusive menu with special emphasis on the very high quality food they serve. Usually the operation of this restaurant revolves around the Head Chef or Chef De Cuisine of this Outlet. Specialist Restaurants These are Restaurants which usually have a type of National or Regional constitution or Cuisine attached to them, for example Italian Specialty Restaurant, Chinese Specialty Restaurant etc. In some Hotels they do also sometimes have Multi Cuisine Specialty Restaurant, which literally means that Restaurant serves cuisine from more than one country , or the dishes on the Menu at that Restaurant has Food Specialties from many different countries. loll Lounges can be found in different hotels.Their main purpose is to offer Food & Drinks in halcyon and cozy seating in relaxed surroundings. There are many kinds of Lounges ranging from a Lounge in a Lobby, Cocktail Lounge and Cigar Lounge to administrator and Club Lounge on special Floors. 3. Bar Bar is a place where drinks are served. There is usually a small Snacks Menu too. The service is fast and quick. 4. disco music/Nightclub They are outlets where Music and Entertainment takes priority with the Food & Drink. The operation is very fast and the guest numbers 11 are large. Security is an important aspect in these operations. 5. Room Service/Len Room Dining Room Service, also known as In Room Dining . T is the service of Food & Drink in Guest Rooms in a Hotel or a Resort. 6. Meeting and Conference Rooms Meeting and Conference rooms together with Ball Rooms come under the Banquets Department usually in Corporate and City Hotels. MICE (Meetings, Incentives, and Conferences & Exhibitions) can alone bring much revenue in some hotels in comparison to other outlets in Hotel. 7. Ball Rooms These are large Function Rooms which are primarily utilise for Functions and Weddings. The Staffing ratio of Full Time Staff in this section is very less as the Function and Wedding Business can sometimes be seasonal and extra supply is usually filled in by the use of Casual Staff. 8.Others There are many other Food & Beverage outlets ranging from Fast Food Outlets to Food Courts to Snack Bars which are usually stand alone or in a shopping centre. 19 Director of food and beverage obeys to general manager and has responsibility for effective work of these directions cousins, catering,banquet, restaurant,service in rooms,mini-bars,lobby,halls,bars, cleaning and washing dishes. 2,page 234 Cousins is directed by executive chef,which obeys to director of food and beverage and he is responsible for quality of food and effective work of cousin. Executive chef must not only satisfy but also usurpers requirements of clients for quality,food amount and its service. Executive chef has some vice-chairman souse chefs.So-chefs s pend a lot of time for structure and administration,for that direction of work shifts is realized by so-chefs. See the scheme 5. F&B manager he is responsible for implementation of agreed policies for contributing to the catering policies. The F&B manager is responsible for organizing,planning,logistics,execution around the Food and beverage responsible. participator F&B manager in absence of F&B Manager,the Cast. F&B manager acts as departmental head. In general,he helps the F&B manager in running the 12 department smoothly and acts as his deputy. Quality,food amount and its service. Executive chef has some vice-chairman souffls. O-chefs spend a lot of time for structure and administration,for that direction of work shifts is realized by so-chefs. Restaurant manager he has overall responsibility for the organization and administration of the food and beverage service areas. answer head waiter he is responsible for accepting any bookings and maintaining the booking diary up to d ate. He will reserve tables and allot their reservation to accompaniment stations. Head waiter he has over all change of the staff team in the dinning room and is responsible for seeing that all the duties accessory for the preparation for service are well and efficiently carried out and nothing forgotten.Station waiter he must be able to carry out the same as a station headwaiter and relieve him on washday off. Floor waiter he is responsible for the service of meals in the apartments. 20 Banquet chef The duties of the banquet chef regurgitate from menu planning to presentation of the final product . Banquet chefs are responsible for overseeing banquet events from start to finish. These events may include breakfast buffets, corporate tiffin meetings with sandwich platters and individually plated multi-course dinners. The chef participates in menu development, orders the required ingredients and supplies,supervises Junior cooks in food preparation and coordinates the final presen tation to the customer. 21 Banquet manager is responsible for exertion of budgeted food sales, beverage sales and labor costs,achieve maximum profitability and over-all success by controlling costs activities,control of Banquet china, cutlery, glassware, linen and equipment,completion of function delivery sheets in an accurate and timely fashion,to supervise and co-ordinate daily operation of meeting/banquet set-ups 13 ND service,completion of Banquet Bar Requisitions,to assist in menu planning and pricing and etc. 22 An executive steward oversees staff members within the dining facilities of a hospitality facility. In extension to ensuring that diners receive the utmost in customer service, these professionals ensure that all laws and regulations that govern food service provision are followed. The primary duty of an executive steward is the management of a facilitys kitchen and the staff members who work in it.While the steward does not oversee the chef and other cooking staff,a ll other team embers such as dishwashers, kitchen runners and busboys work under his tutelage. In addition to hiring these professionals,he delegates their duties and supervises their work. 23. A pastry chefs role is not limited to creating pastries. For instance, some pastry chefs are charged with managing Junior kitchen staff members. Others are responsible for ensuring that the kitchen remains clean and organized. Many pastry chefs also perform administrative duties such as preparing budgets and ordering supplies for pastry making. 24 14 Chapter 2. Back of Hotel(departments which are invisible at first by guests) As the name suggests these operations involve the activities which do not take place in front of the guests.For instance, these financial transactions begin the moment when he/ she while waiting for allocation of a room start making phone calls to his/her associates to inform them the arrival or order for something in the lobby itself. The daily night auditors help the back of the office department in the hotel in maintaining the guest accounts. The front of the house, the best sources for experience and the most opportunities for advancement lie in the back of the house. The back of the house refers to those operations of the hotel that deal with housekeeping , human resources, purchasing, and engineering, and which are seldom observed by guests. 25 2. Processes dealer to recruitment process,organizing stuff management,training and etc. Human resources department. Human Resources is mainly responsible for the well as induction programmers training employee relations compensation labor relations and staff development. 26 A typical Human Resource Department is carries out the following functions Job analysis and Job description. HER Department is also involved in designing the Job analysis and Job description for the prospective agencies. A Job analysis is the process used to collect information about the duties, responsibilities, necessary skills, outcomes, and work environment of a particular Job.Job descriptions are written statements that describe the duties,responsibilities,most important contributions and outcomes needed from a position,required qualifications of candidates, and reporting relationship and co- workers of a particular Job. Determining wages and salaries. HER Department is also involved in conducting market surveys and determining the wages and salaries for different position in an 15 organization. These decisions may be taken in reference with top management and the Finance department. Recruitment and Selection. One of the most important jobs HER department is to recruit the best people for the organization. This is of crucial importance as the success of any organization depends on the quality of its workforce. Training and Development. HER department is constantly keeping a watch over the employees of the organization.In order to improve the efficiency level of the employees they have go undergo regu lar trainings and development programmers. All trainings and development needs are carried out by this apartment. Training might include on the Job or off the Job training. Employee welfare and motivation. Happy employees mean a healthy organization. HER Department conducts various employee welfare activities which might include employees get together, annual staff parties etc. HER department also reviews organisational policies and its impact on the motivation of the employees. Addressing employees grievances. HER department is the link between the workers and the management.Employees grievances related work environment are usually entertained and resolved by the HER Department. Labor management relations. HER apartment has to ensure that these relations are cordial. In case of any labor- management conflict the HER Department will play a vital role in bringing both management parties to the negotiation table and resolving the issue. Implementing organizational policies. HER Depart ment has to coordinate with line manager and see that the organizational policies are being implemented in a proper manner. Disciplinary action can be initiated against employees who are not following organizational rules and regulations. All these actions are conceived and implemented by the HER department. 27 Another aspect to the human resources management tips for hotels is to implement a clear progression plan that employees can use to advance in rank at the hotel. 16 Perhaps the most important thing for a human resources manager in the hotel business to do is to lead through example. However, if they see the human resources department working hard and providing the best quality of service that they can then the employees will improve their work as well. As you can see, the importance of human resources management for hotels is very great. There are thousands of ways that a human resources manager can make a hotel run more smoothly and more